英語學習英語聽力

一份滿分的託福聽力筆記是什麼樣的?這裏正好有一份

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託福聽力考試中,要不要記筆記常常讓很多考生糾結萬分。音頻信息轉瞬即逝,如果做筆記,常常記了上一句,錯過下一句;但是如果不記筆記,好像更是「雁過無痕」,什麼信息也沒記住。那麼,爲了取得理想的聽力分數,到底要不要記筆記,又該如何記筆記呢?下文會爲大家提供一個靠譜的答案。

ing-bottom: 100%;">一份滿分的託福聽力筆記是什麼樣的?這裏正好有一份

一份滿分的託福聽力筆記是什麼樣的?這裏正好有一份~

/ 一定要記筆記 /

具備了一定的聽能基礎之後,建議在聽力訓練和考試時做筆記。這麼做的原因,首先取決於聽力的考試特點:

The listening section is divided into 2 separately timed parts. In each part you'll listen to 1 conversation and 2 lectures. You will hear each conversation or lecture only one time.

聽力考試共有兩部分,每部分包含一個對話和兩篇演講,且只播放一遍。試想一下,短時間內聽到大量音頻信息(尤其演講部分時間都在 5 分鐘以上),如果不嘗試用筆記下來,全靠腦記,幾乎是無法實現的任務,因爲人腦的短時記憶其實相當有限。

另外,其實託福聽力的 Listening Section Directions 部分也建議,在聽的過程中可以適當做筆記,這樣有助於答題:

You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions.

除此之外,記筆記還有利於幫助考生梳理邏輯框架,記錄有效信息和細節,避免雖然記住了隻言片語卻對做題沒有幫助的情況出現。

/ 如何記筆記 /

1. 選擇一套順手的筆記符號系統

很多考生不願記筆記原因都是擔心記錄筆記的瞬間會錯過下一句話,這種擔心不無道理。因此,做筆記前,選擇一套得心應手的筆記符號系統非常必要。

結合筆記符號和適當縮寫,經過一段時間的筆記訓練後,大家會發現一旦形成自己的筆記體系之後,記筆記並不耽誤聽和理解,而且能夠有效幫助大家存儲記憶和把握關鍵點。

關於筆記符號,仁者見仁智者見智,大家完全可以有一套自己的符號系統,就像從事口譯的高翻們,他們的筆記符號系統各不相同,但都堅守一個原則,就是高效且易辨識。

也就是說,你所使用的符號能夠幫助你高效地進行筆記記錄,在回過頭來重新看筆記時,你能夠一眼反應出這些符號所代表的意思,而沒有任何歧義。

這就要求你在形成自己的符號體系時,需要注意以下兩點。

① 在兩個能夠表示相同意思的備選符號中,選擇能夠最快書寫的那個。(比如用 → 而非 ∵ 表因果)

② 一個符號固定地代表一個明確的意思。

以下是一套比較高效的慣用筆記符號,大家可結合自己的習慣和書寫特點參考使用。

確定筆記符號系統後,針對聽力的考查點,具體應該記些什麼?

2. 有目的地做筆記

聽力部分的筆記,並不是記得越多就越好,對於一些非重點的細節信息,記錄下來作用不大,甚至會浪費時間。

因此,知道每個考試部分應該記些什麼非常重要。這就需要首先對聽力考點有一個基本瞭解。只有知道聽力考什麼以及如何考,才能知道你的目標信息在哪裏。聽力常考內容如下:

① 明確指出或暗示性的主要觀點和重要細節。

② 特定信息的作用(某一細節支持或複雜環節中的一個重要步驟)。

③ 各部分信息的關係(比如因果關係)

④ 作者的表達方式和目的(比如強調某一點,表達同意或者不同意,或者間接地表達某種意圖)。

⑤ 整合分散信息,並在這些信息的基礎上進行正確推理。

所以,做筆記時,請大家務必注意以下關鍵點:

① 對話主題(把握整體方向)

② 重要細節(有些考點會考查細節的把握)

③ 合理的推理(把握說話者的態度和目的)

④ 邏輯提示詞後面的重點信息(邏輯提示詞 —— 如 but, because ... —— 後面常常會出現重要考點)

需要特別注意的是邏輯提示詞。邏輯提示詞不僅能夠提示各部分信息的關係,是大家把握文章邏輯脈絡的關鍵,而且往往能夠引出重要考點,比如作者態度、各信息關係等。

下面的例子節選自託福 TPO 1 中的聽力部分的一篇對話,以下筆記供大家參考。

Student: I’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m … having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.

Librarian: You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …

Student: Dream Interpretation.

...

Librarian: Ok, actually, most of our materialsare available electronicallynow. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers, and if you want to search by titlewith the word ‘dream’ for example, just type it in and all the articles with ‘dream’ in the title will come up on the screen.

Student: Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.

Librarian: But you can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.

最後,需要提醒廣大考生的是,雖然筆記在聽力考試中能夠起到很好的輔助作用,但是筆記對考試有幫助的前提永遠是你首先理解了聽力中所講的內容,且抓住了對話或演講中的要點。

否則,如果沒聽懂原文,只顧着記筆記,雖然記下了大量信息,但都是碎片化的,串聯不起來,所以仍然不知道這個材料在說什麼。這就得不償失了。此外,在做聽力部分的筆記時,需力求簡潔,以防記筆記時錯過太多聽力內容。

  託福聽力題目:學生網上註冊學科

回憶一:學生想在網上註冊一個學科,但是選擇不了,但是剛開始註冊中心的人以爲她不會註冊就告訴她註冊流程,學生表示知道怎樣註冊但是網上不能再選課了;工作人員建議選擇下個學期的,因爲課滿了;但是學生表示自己要畢業了,沒有時間,另外還要實習不能等。工作人員建議先把問題儘量反饋,會盡力幫助學生但是不一定能幫上,他有一個認識的朋友就是這麼解決的。

回憶二:學生想在網上選擇一個學科,但是選擇不了,但是當開始註冊中心的人以爲她不會註冊就告訴她註冊流程,學生表示知道如何註冊但是網上已經不能再選課了;工作人員建議選下個學期的,因爲課程已滿;但是學生表示自己即將畢業,沒有時間,另外還要實習經歷也沒有時間再等了。工作人員建議去找一個那個課程的教授,但是學生說教授在加拿大做研究;工作人員建議先把問題儘量發聵出來,他會盡全力去幫忙但是不知道是否可以幫的上,他有一個認識的朋友就是這麼解決的。

  託福備考資料聽力文科段子:傳媒變遷

Moving away from newspapers, let’s now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn’t take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.

  託福備考資料聽力文科段子:電影藝術

To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You’ll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 o’clock in Jennings Auditorium. That’s our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, we’ll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The next week, we’ll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra’s Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane, or Stanley Cooper’s Doctor’s Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course, we will be watching films from the 1980s and you’ll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique. We’ll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.

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