雙語閱讀美文：內向人格愛上外向人

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Patricia and Marty Weber were in their walk-in closet one evening, getting dressed for a party, chitchatting about their day, when Ms. Weber made a casual request: 'Honey, I really don't want to be there all night. Can we leave after an hour or so?'

一天晚上，帕翠西亞•韋伯和馬蒂•韋伯夫婦在自家的衣帽間裏一邊閒聊白天發生的事，一邊準備穿戴赴宴。這時，帕翠西亞隨口提了一句，“親愛的，我真的不想整個晚上都耗在那兒。我們可以待一小時左右就走嗎?”

Her husband's response? He took off his tie, threw it on the ground and shouted, 'Just forget the whole thing! We won't go at all!'

她的丈夫是如何迴應的呢?他扯下領帶扔到地上，大聲喊道，“忘了這回事兒吧!我們乾脆不去就是了!”

Here's an observation: The most complicated marriages may be those between Innies and Outies -- those who like to stay in and those who like to go out. Ask the Webers. He is an extravert. He loves to talk, gather groups of people around him and attend endless brunches, happy hours and networking events. His wife, an introvert, enjoys parties in short doses but prefers to be home reading or spending time with her dog.

有一種說法：或許最爲複雜的婚姻狀況，莫過於一個內向的人和一個外向的人的結合──往往一方喜歡宅在家中，另一方卻愛外出交往。我們不妨來看看韋伯夫婦的情況。先生是個外向的人，他熱衷交談，喜歡讓一大羣人圍在自己身邊，無休止地參加各種早午餐會、下班後的快樂休閒活動和社交晚宴。而他的夫人是個內向的人，雖然她也樂意參加些時間不長的派對，但更願在家裏讀讀書，或同自己的狗狗共處。

Many people believe that introverts, by definition, are shy and extraverts are outgoing. This is incorrect. Introverts and extraverts differ in how they process information. Introverts get their energy internally. Extraverts -- spelled that way in psychology circles -- gain energy from being with other people, often the more the merrier.

很多人認爲，內向型人格的定義就是害羞，而外向型人格就是開朗。這並不正確。內向者和外向者真正的區別，在於他們處理資訊的方式。內向者憑藉自身獲得能量;而外向者則通過與他人交往來獲取能量，往往人越多他們就越快活。

There are shy extraverts and outgoing introverts. Most of us have a little of both in us, but lean one way or the other.

也有害羞的外向型人格和開朗的內向型人格。我們大多數人都是兩者兼備的，但會傾向於其中一種。

Introverts often prefer to spend time alone or in small groups of people, and they tend to carefully gather their thoughts before they speak. Extraverts love to talk and typically 'think out loud,' processing information by talking.

內向的人通常更願獨處或只與一小羣人交往，他們傾向於在開口前先仔細理清自己的思路;而外向的人喜愛交談，尤其喜歡“大聲地思考”，通過交談來處理資訊。

You don't need a degree in psychology to see how this could cause serious problems in a relationship. Introverts and extraverts approach the world in fundamentally different ways. Introverts think extraverts talk too fast, too loud and too much. Extraverts often believe introverts are awkward, withholding or cold.

即便你不是心理學專業的，也可想見這種差異在一段婚姻關係裏可能造成怎樣嚴重的問題。從待人接物到認知世界，內向人羣和外向人羣的行爲方式是完完全全不相同的。於是內向的人會覺得外向的人講話太快、太吵又太多;而外向的人經常覺得內向的人難以溝通、太保守或太冷淡。

Facebook, Twitter and other sites that help us stay connected 24/7 are heightening the differences. In today's social-media driven world, it's getting easier for introverts to speak on their own terms, yet it's also getting harder to turn the extraverts off.

像Facebook、Twitter和其他那些幫我們可以全天候保持聯繫的網站，正在使內向與外向人羣之間的差異擴大化。在今天這個“社會媒體”(social-media)主導的世界裏，內向的人變得更容易自說自話;而要讓外向的人閉上嘴巴，也越發難辦了。

The population is split pretty much evenly between introverts and extraverts, according to psychologist Laurie Helgoe, assistant clinical professor at the West Virginia School of Medicine and author of 'Introvert Power: Why Your Inner Life Is Your Hidden Strength.' In a 1998 study conducted by the Center for Applications of Psychological Type (the folks who run the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality test), 51% of some 3,000 subjects who were randomly sampled and tested were introverts. In a smaller study in 2001, 57% were introverts. Introverts were pretty evenly split between males and females, too.

心理學家勞瑞•赫爾戈(Laurie Helgoe)認爲，內向人羣和外向人羣的數量是均等的。赫爾戈是西佛吉尼亞大學醫學院(West Virginia School of Medicine)的助理臨牀教授，著有《內向的能量：爲何內心世界就是你潛藏的力量》(Introvert Power: Why Your Inner Life Is Your Hidden Strength)一書。1998年，心理類型理論應用中心(Center for Applications of Psychological Type，就是用“邁爾斯-布里格斯性格類型指標”(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)做人格測試的那家機構)的一項研究指出，在大約3000名隨機抽取的測試對象當中，有51%爲內向型人格。而在2001年進行的一次較小規模的測試中，內向人羣的佔比達到了57%。此外，在內向人羣內部，男女比例也趨於對等。

The Webers wrestled with their different introversion-extraversion styles. Earlier in their marriage, Ms. Weber, a 62-year-old business coach from Williamsburg,Va., would often become irritated that her husband went out almost every night of the week, sometimes failing to make it home for dinner. (He was an early cell phone user, and she would call on his big, clunky model to berate him.)

韋伯夫婦一直在與他們倆性格上的這種內外向差異做着鬥爭。在他們結婚的頭幾年，韋伯夫人(現年62歲，是弗吉尼亞州威廉斯堡的一名企業教練)對於丈夫在一週裏幾乎每晚外出、有時甚至不能回家吃飯，經常感到十分惱火。(韋伯先生很早就開始使用手機，於是韋伯夫人會一個電話打到丈夫那隻巨大而笨重的“大哥大”上，嚴厲責備一番)。

Mr. Weber often invited other couples to join them on their weekly 'date night.' His boss once told him his wife needed to socialize more with other executives' wives if he was going to continue to climb the corporate ladder. 'This has been the biggest conflict in our relationship,' says Mr. Weber, 61, an employee-benefits consultant and broker.

韋伯先生(現年61歲，是一名員工福利諮詢顧問及保險經紀)經常邀請其他夫婦來家裏，參加他們每週的“聚會之夜”。他的老闆有一次告訴他，如果他還想繼續升職的話，他的妻子就需要同其他高管夫人加強交往。韋伯先生說，“這一直是我們關係當中最大的矛盾。”

The night of the argument, Ms. Weber felt her husband had misunderstood. 'I wasn't saying I didn't want to go to the event,' she says. 'I was just trying to prepare him that I didn't want to stay all night.' They went to the party but on the way there she said, 'Don't be alarmed if I disappear to the bathroom for 20 minutes. I will need to recharge.'

發生爭論的那個晚上，韋伯夫人覺得丈夫誤解了自己的意思。她說，“我不是說我不想參加那個活動，我只是試着讓他心裏有數，我不想整晚都待在那兒。”他們後來還是去了那個聚會，但在路上韋伯夫人說，“如果我去了洗手間20分鐘還沒回來，不要擔心。我只是需要休整一下。”

In brain-imaging studies, brains of introverts show more activity in response to external stimuli. This could explain why introverts feel the need to regulate the amount of stimulation coming in. In contrast, extravert brains show more activity in areas related to pleasure-seeking. They find social interactions fun and are driven to create them.

對大腦成像的研究發現，內向者的大腦對於“外部刺激”表現出較爲活躍的反應。這就能解釋爲何內向的人會感到，需要控制外來的刺激量。而相比之下，在受到外部刺激時，外向者的大腦只有和“尋找愉悅感”相關的區域會很活躍，他們認爲社會交往是有趣的事，於是會主動創造這些機會。

When someone speaks to an introvert, her brain responds with a high level of activity. 'It is as if several lights start flashing on a control panel,' says Dr. Helgoe. The introvert needs to turn inward. If the other person keeps talking, the introvert can become distracted from her mental process and feel overwhelmed.

當有人對內向者講話時，她的大腦會高度活躍地對此做出迴應。赫爾戈博士說，“就好像一塊控制檯上有幾盞燈開始閃爍起來。”而內向者是需要不時返回自己的內心世界的。如果對方一直講個不停，內向的人就會變得心煩意亂，感到不知所措。

When introverts and extraverts converse, 'what looks like communication can actually be a problem,' says Dr. Helgoe. The introvert is quiet and appears to be listening; the extravert takes this as a cue to keep talking. 'The introvert may shut out the extravert, perhaps while silently nodding, or stop trying to contribute,' she says. The extravert needs to learn to slow down, but the introvert needs to learn to speak up.

赫爾戈博士說，當內向的人與外向的人交談的時候，“看似在交流，事實上可能存在着問題。”內向的人會很安靜，看起來似乎一直在傾聽，外向的人就將此當作了繼續講話的信號。她說，“內向者也許會沉默地點頭或不再多說什麼話，其實內心已經在排斥外向者的講話了。”外向者需要學會放慢語速，而內向者則要學習自我表達。

Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist whose work was the inspiration for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, believed we are drawn to people different from us so that we can learn from them. But Dr. Helgoe says this theory has been largely debunked. Recent research shows marital satisfaction is related to personality similarity. 'Opposites might initially attract,' she says, 'but they can start to repel, if not identified and worked with, over time.'

瑞士心理學家卡爾•榮格(Carl Jung)的著作啓發了“邁爾斯-布里格斯性格類型指標”的創生。榮格認爲，我們會被與自己不同的人所吸引，這樣就可以從他們身上學到新東西。但赫爾戈博士說，這個理論已經遭到了很多人的反對。近期的研究表明，婚姻滿意程度和(夫妻二人的)性格相似度有關。她說，“相反的性格特徵最初可能具有吸引力，但是時間一長，如果沒有注意到箇中問題並努力糾正，雙方可能就會開始相互排斥、反感。”

Tuesday is the Webers' 41st wedding anniversary. It took two decades, they say, but they finally learned to cope with their vastly different styles. Sometimes, they will drive to social events in different cars, so Ms. Weber can leave early if she wants. Mr. Weber goes to a happy hour after work one night a week without his wife.

週二是韋伯夫婦的四十一週年結婚紀念日。他們說，他們用了二十年時間才最終學會了協調雙方巨大的性格差異。有時候，他們會各自開車去參加社交活動，這樣韋伯夫人就可以按照自己的心意提前離開。韋伯先生每週有一個晚上可以不陪妻子、盡享下班後的快樂時光。

They also spend every Saturday apart. He meets pals early at Starbucks, stops in at another coffee shop mid-morning to say hi to more friends and gathers a crowd at a local pub for lunch. She stays home and reads, calls her parents, catches up on email and walks the dog.

他們的每個週六也是分開過的。韋伯先生會先去星巴克見見老朋友們，晌午時分轉戰另一家咖啡館和更多朋友會面，然後再拉上一幫子人到當地一家酒吧吃午飯。而韋伯夫人則會待在家中讀書，給父母打個電話，收發電子郵件，再遛遛狗。

'Both of you have to mellow out and find what works for you,' say Ms. Weber.

韋伯夫人說，“兩個人都得放鬆心態，找到適合自己的方式。”