如何用高跟鞋優雅地反抗性侵大綱
On a recent rainy evening, about 30 women, most wearing high heels, gathered in a Midtown Manhattan rehearsal space and engaged in a series of brisk maneuvers: hammer fists, elbowing out of chokeholds, fierce kicks.
前不久的一個雨夜，約30個女人聚在曼哈頓中城的一個排練場，進行一系列激烈的演習：用拳頭錘擊，肘擊以擺脫鎖喉，猛烈踢腿。她們大多穿着高跟鞋。
“The idea is to lock in muscle memory,” said the leader, Avital Zeisler, a former ballerina with posture as straight as an index finger and black tresses evoking Cher during her Sonny years.
教練阿維塔勒·澤斯勒(Avital Zeisler)曾是芭蕾舞女演員，她站得筆直，留着黑色披肩發，讓人想起了和桑尼(Sonny)搭檔時期的雪兒(Cher)。她說：“訓練目的是形成肌肉記憶。”
Ms. Zeisler, 26, is not a model or actress; and her charges were not engaging in some gimmicky exercise class like pole dancing. She is an expert in hand-to-hand combat who has trained members of the military and law enforcement, as well as actresses like Keri Russell, Megan Boone and Amanda Seyfried.
26歲的澤斯勒不是模特，也不是演員。她的課程不涉及鋼管舞等花哨的舞蹈。她是徒手搏鬥專家，訓練過軍事和執法人員及演員，包括克麗·拉塞爾(Keri Russell)、梅根·布恩(Megan Boone)和阿曼達·塞弗裏德(Amanda Seyfried)等。
She is passionate about women learning to defend themselves, no matter what they are wearing on their bodies — or feet. And so this workshop, for which she sometimes charges up to $80 a participant, was free.
她對女人學習自衛很有熱情，不管她們身上或腳上穿的是什麼。她的講習班有時收費高達每人80美元，但是這個講習班是免費的。
“The objective is to disrupt the attacker’s thought process — even just to get him to blink,” Ms. Zeisler told the assembled.
澤斯勒對學員們說：“目標是打斷攻擊者的思路，哪怕只是讓他眨一下眼。”
Lydia Billings, 24, a photographer and a founder of End Rape Now who was attending the class, was impressed. Her best friend was raped in high school, she said, but Ms. Billings had never before studied self-defense.
這句話讓24歲的學員莉迪婭·比靈斯(Lydia Billings)印象深刻。她是一名攝影師、End Rape Now的創始人。她說，她最好的朋友在高中時遭到強姦，不過她自己之前從未學過自衛。
“A few really simple, powerful moves can get you out of any situation,” said Ms. Billings, who was wearing a pair of Payless pumps.
比靈斯穿着一雙Payless淺口高跟鞋。她說：“幾個非常簡單而有力的動作能讓你擺脫任何困境。”
Ms. Zeisler is not the first or only person teaching such self-defense techniques. The instructional website Howcast has posted videos about using heels in self-defense (this being 2015, the iPhone is also a potential weapon). And Jennifer Cassetta, 39, a personal trainer in Los Angeles and a third-degree black belt in hapkido, began a class called Stilettos and Self-Defense in 2007.
澤斯勒不是第一個也不是唯一一個教授自衛術的人。指導性網站Howcast發佈了一些關於如何在自衛中使用鞋跟的視頻（現在是2015年，iPhone也可用作武器）。39歲的詹妮弗·卡塞塔(Jennifer Cassetta)是洛杉磯的一名私人教練，是合氣道黑帶三段高手。2007年，她開設了一個名叫高跟鞋與自衛(Stilettos and Self-Defense)的訓練班。
“Women feel very empowered wearing heels,” Ms. Cassetta said. “I love heels. I love the way my legs look in them. But most women can barely walk in them, let alone run. If you can’t run away, you better know how to fight off an attacker. You have to be prepared at all times, no matter what you’re wearing, no matter how tall you are.”
卡塞塔說：“女人穿上高跟鞋會感覺很有力量。我很喜歡高跟鞋。我喜歡穿上高跟鞋後我的腿型。但是大部分女人穿着高跟鞋連路都走不好，更別提跑了。如果你跑不掉，那就得知道如何反擊。你必須隨時做好準備，不管你穿的是什麼，不管你多高。”
While it is known that shoes can be lethal weapons — last year, Ana Trujillo of Texas was sentenced to life in prison for stabbing her boyfriend to death with a 5-inch stiletto heel — they are not always easily accessible when they are on your feet. And they tend to handicap one of the best strategies for self-defense: running away.
雖然我們都知道高跟鞋可能是致命武器——去年，德克薩斯州的安娜·特魯希略(Ana Trujillo)用5.5英寸（約合14釐米）的細高跟鞋刺死男友，被判終身監禁——但如果它是穿在腳上，你並不總能把它輕鬆取下。而且高跟鞋也會妨礙一種最好的自衛方式：逃跑。
But despite warnings about the perils of heels, and the havoc they can wreak on backs and ankles (“Working out in heels is really bad for your calves, and can cause tears or tendinitis,” said Rob Conenello, a sports podiatrist in Orangeburg, N.Y., and the past president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine) it’s unlikely that urban women are going to stop wearing them anytime soon. So some concerned with safety are factoring in that reality.
但是，儘管人們一直在提醒高跟鞋的危險以及它對後背和腳踝可能造成的傷害（紐約州奧蘭治堡市的運動足病醫生、美國足部運動醫學學會[American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine]前會長羅布·科奈奈羅[Rob Conenello]說：“穿着高跟鞋運動對小腿很不好，可能導致撕裂或腱炎”），但是短時間內城裏的女人不大可能停止穿高跟鞋。所以一些顧慮安全的人也在考慮這個現實情況。
According to a United Nations analysis, about 35 percent of women worldwide said they had experienced physical violence, including rape, murder and sexual harassment.
據聯合國的一項分析，全世界約有35%的女人稱自己遭遇過暴力襲擊，包括強姦、謀殺和性騷擾。
Ms. Zeisler is one of them. At 19, she was sexually assaulted by her boyfriend at the time, after which she went through a debilitating depression. She left her home in Toronto and traveled to Israel, her father’s birthplace, to study Krav Maga, an Israeli form of self-defense.
澤斯勒也是其中一位。19歲時，她被當時的男友性侵，之後陷入極度沮喪，離開多倫多的家，前往父親的出生地以色列，學習以色列的自衛術——近身格鬥(Krav Maga)。
In 2013, she created and began teaching the Soteria Method (Soteria is the Greek goddess of safety), whose components include self-defense, fitness and, yes, “empowerment.” She defines self-defense as “having the ability to create, live and protect a life that you love.”
2013年，她創立並開始教授Soteria Method（Soteria是希臘安全女神），它包括自衛、健身和“獲得力量”。她認爲自衛是“有能力創造、度過並保護你熱愛的生活”。
Her argument is that women shouldn’t have to alter their physical appearance or “compromise their femininity,” she said, to ensure their ability to protect themselves.
她認爲，女人不必通過改變外貌或“放棄女子特質”來確保獲得自我保護的能力。
“When I teach self-defense, I want to make sure it’s authentic to women,” said Ms. Zeisler, who has also written a book, “Weapons of Fitness.” These weapons can presumably include Christian Louboutins. “The point of training in heels is that if you’re wearing heels and targeted for an attack,” she said, “you’re equipped with a few survival strategies that can save your life.”
澤斯勒說：“我教自衛術時，想要確保它對女人真的有用。”她寫了一本書，名叫《健康武器》(Weapons of Fitness)。這些武器應該包括Christian Louboutins牌高跟鞋。她說：“穿着高跟鞋訓練的意義在於，如果你遭到攻擊時穿的是高跟鞋，你擁有幾種能救命的生存策略。”
Lori Hartman Gervasi, 57, a black belt trained in traditional karate who also has taught self-defense in heels, believes that women need to contemplate their shoes, along with other items of clothing, before an attack even happens.
57歲的洛麗·哈特曼·格維西(Lori Hartman Gervasi)是傳統空手道的黑帶教練，她也教授穿着高跟鞋自衛的方法。她認爲，女人在遭到襲擊之前就需要考慮自己的鞋子和衣物。
“That way they’re not standing there thinking ‘Oh no, I’m being grabbed by some jerk and dragged by my hair to his car and I’m in heels of all things!’” said Ms. Gervasi, author of “Fight Like a Girl … and Win: Defense Decisions for Women,” who is based in California. “Instead, this woman should know many options for getting out of this ordeal. Like stuffing her thumb in his eye and using those high heels to rake down his shin, then kick him in the groin.”
格維西說：“那樣的話，她們就不會站在那裏想：‘哦，不，有個混蛋揪着我的頭髮把我往他的車裏拖，我卻正好穿着高跟鞋！’相反，這個女人應該知道很多擺脫這種折磨的方法。比如用大拇指戳他的眼睛，用高跟鞋刮他的小腿，然後踢他的腹股溝。”她住在加利福尼亞州，寫過一本書，名叫《像女孩那樣戰鬥並獲勝：女性自衛策略》(Fight Like a Girl … and Win: Defense Decisions for Women)。
Ms. Seyfried, 29, trained with Ms. Zeisler off and on for two years, and said her advice also included many hypotheticals. “It’s basic survival, and how we can outsmart the attacker,” Ms. Seyfried said. “It’s not just about learning it, it’s about getting it into your bones and the muscle memory of it. She had me picture the possibilities and imagine myself in these situations. If you have one exit and it’s blocked by the attacker, then what do you do?”
29歲的塞弗裏德跟着澤斯勒斷斷續續學了兩年。她說，澤斯勒的建議還包括很多假設，“它是基本的求生方法，是關於如何戰勝攻擊者。不僅要學習，而且要把它變成骨頭和肌肉記憶。她讓我想象各種可能性，想象自己處於這些情況中。如果只有一個出口，但是攻擊者擋住了出口，那你該怎麼辦”？
(Answer: Scan the assailant to see if he is armed, then improvise a weapon, like a chair — or shoe. If these aren’t options, defense training enables a woman “to close in and neutralize the threat,” Ms. Zeisler said.)
（澤斯勒說，正確的做法是打量攻擊者，看他是否攜帶武器，然後尋找臨時武器，比如椅子或鞋子。如果找不到臨時武器，自衛訓練能讓女人們“近身搏鬥，降低威脅”。）
Vanessa McDaniel, 33, a graphics designer who is traveling around the world, is so enthusiastic about training with Ms. Zeisler, which she has done since November 2012, that she plans to become a Soteria instructor. Ms. McDaniel was attacked when she was younger, and always wondered how she could have gotten away.
33歲的凡妮莎·麥克丹尼爾(Vanessa McDaniel)是一個在世界各地工作的平面設計師。她從2012年11月開始跟着澤斯勒訓練。她對此很有熱情，打算也成爲Soteria教練。麥克丹尼爾是在更年輕的時候遭到攻擊的，總是在設想當時她可以怎樣逃脫。
“Training with Avi has given me more confidence,” she said. “Walking down the street, I feel like I am better equipped to handle the catcalls or other situations I might encounter, and I have — fortunately or unfortunately, depending on how you look at it — had the opportunity to use some of what she’s taught me in real life.”
她說：“跟着阿維訓練讓我更有信心。走在街上，我感覺自己能更好地應對吹口哨挑逗等情況，我在現實生活中已經用到過她教我的一些方法——這到底是幸運還是不幸，得看你怎麼看了。”
And Dayna Bloom, 26, a singer and songwriter in New York, said that studying with Ms. Zeisler has given her extra oomph in areas besides self-defense.
26歲的戴娜·布魯姆(Dayna Bloom)是紐約的一名歌手和詞曲作者。她說，跟着澤斯勒學習讓她不僅能自衛，而且更有魅力。
Ms. Bloom has learned “how to attack life,” she said. “Even though someone is not attacking me.”
布魯姆說，她學會了“如何攻擊生活，就算沒人攻擊我”。
