時尚雙語:母親的經驗可“自動”傳給子女
Moms pass on experience without even trying
Mothers can pass along their experiences to their children without even trying, researchers reported in a surprising study on Tuesday that showed baby mice could inherit the benefits of "education" that their mothers received before they became pregnant.
The study shows that inheritance can go far beyond the classic genetic theories, researchers report in The Journal of Neuroscience.
They found that young mice raised in an enriched environment -- with toys and other stimulation -- passed along the learning benefits to pups they had after they grew up.
The stimulated mothers did not simply have better parenting skills, because the researchers showed pups swapped at birth still learned better if their biological mothers - but not their foster parents - had been raised with the extra toys.
"You inherit to some degree some aspects of your parent's experience," Larry Feig, a professor of biochemistry at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, said in a telephone interview.
"This is a protective mechanism a mother passes on to her offspring," Feig, who helped lead the study, added.
Feig and colleagues raised mice, some in plain cases with wood chips and others in "enriched" cages with boxes, a running wheel, toys, and constant rearrangements of nesting material.
They tested learning with an unpleasant "shock chamber" to condition the mice to be afraid.
Mice born to mothers raised in the "enriched" cages learned much more quickly that the shock chamber was a scary place, Feig's team found. This was true even when the mothers did not become pregnant until weeks after they lived in the special cages.
研究人員於本週二報告稱，母親的經驗不用刻意傳授就可“自動”傳給下一代。該項令人驚訝的研究發現，幼鼠能夠繼承母鼠在懷孕前所受“教育”的益處。
研究人員在發表於《神經系統科學》期刊的研究報告中稱，研究顯示，遺傳可大大超出傳統基因理論的範圍。
研究人員發現，在放有玩具和其它刺激物的“高級”環境中成長的幼鼠會將它們的認知經驗傳給下一代。
這些在高級環境中受過“薰陶”的母鼠並非更懂得育兒技巧，因爲研究人員發現，即便幼鼠在出生時被調換，但只要它們的生母（而非養母）曾在放有特別玩具的環境中長大，那麼它們的認知能力也會更強。
波士頓圖弗茲大學醫學院的生物化學教授拉里•菲格在接受電話採訪時說：“人在一定程度上能夠遺傳父母的某些經驗。”
協助負責開展該研究的菲格教授說：“這是母親傳給下一代的一種保護機制。”
菲格及其同事分別在裝有木屑的普通盒子和放有盒子、飛輪和玩具等物品的“高級”籠子中培育兩組幼鼠。在後一個環境中，研究人員還不停地變換物品的擺放。
之後，研究人員分別檢測兩組老鼠的“學習能力”，他們將老鼠放在一個不太舒服的“震動箱”中讓它們感到害怕。
研究小組發現，在高級籠子中培育的母鼠所生的幼鼠能更快地認識到震動箱是一個令人害怕的地方。即便母鼠在離開這種特殊的籠子數週後才懷孕，效果也一樣。
Vocabulary:
foster parents:養父母
