美國宣佈對ISIS發動網絡戰 首次公開動用網絡武器

The US government has announced that it is launching a cyber warfare campaign against the Islamic State (IS). This is the first instance of the US publicly using cyber attacks as a tool in warfare.

美國政府近日宣佈,，將對"伊斯蘭國"組織(IS)發動網絡戰。這是美國首次公開將網絡攻擊作爲一種作戰手段。

"I have given Cyber Command really its first wartime assignment," said Ashton Carter, the US defence secretary, speaking to the US Senate. "Even a few years ago, it would not have occurred to a Secretary of Defence to say, 'let's get cyber in the game', but here we have real opportunities."

美國國防部長阿什頓·卡特對美國參議院說：“我已經給網絡司令部佈置了第一項真正的作戰任務。即使是幾年前，一個國防部長也不會說'讓網絡參與戰局'。但是現在已經具備切實的可能性。”

The US will use its arsenal of digital tools to weaken IS's online communications network, and its access to money and trade. Carter said the cyber tactics would look to disrupt "their ability to command their forces, interrupting their ability to plot", and hamper "their finances, their ability to pay people".

美國將使用其數字化工具“武器庫”削弱IS的在線通信網絡並破壞該組織獲取資金、進行貿易的渠道。卡特表示，網絡攻擊手段將着眼於擾亂他們指揮武裝力量的能力，干擾他們策劃陰謀的能力，削弱他們的財力以及僱用士兵的能力。

Isil's cyber capabilities have been well documented. It released a security manual that revealed part of its cyber strategy in the week after the Paris attacks.

“伊斯蘭國”組織的網絡能力已經有翔實的資料佐證。巴黎襲擊事件發生後的那周內，該組織發佈了一份安全手冊，泄露了部分網絡戰術。

Advice included using the Tor browser and secure email. It also places great emphasis on communicating through social media, including Facebook and Twitter, and messaging apps, such as Telegram and WhatsApp. It even launched a 'help desk' on encrypted messaging app Telegram.

所提供的建議包括使用洋蔥瀏覽器與可靠的電子郵箱。該組織尤其強調通過社交媒體與潛在的支持者溝通，包括臉書和推特以及Telegram和WhatsApp軟件。“伊斯蘭國”組織甚至在加密即時通訊應用軟件Telegram上建立一個“幫助桌面”。

Public companies, including Facebook and Telegram have joined the cyber fight against Isil. Facebook, for instance, receives more than a million reports every day about objectionable content, ranging from nudity to terrorism, on the site.

報道稱，包括臉書和Telegram在內，一些公司已經加入這場對“伊斯蘭國”組織的網絡戰。例如，臉書網站每天收到逾百萬份有關違禁內容的報告，內容從色情到恐怖主義。

Monika Bickert, who oversees the team that polices content on Facebook, including terrorism-related activity, told the Telegraph: "One thing we’ve heard time and time again from academics is if you want to find terrorists online or those supporting terrorist ideologies, the best thing is to find their friends. So when we become aware of an account supporting terrorism, we look at associated accounts so we can remove them immediately."

臉書內容管理團隊的主管莫妮卡·比克特對記者說：“我們不時從學者那裏聽到的一點是，要想發現網絡上的恐怖分子或者支持恐怖主義思想的人，最好的辦法就是找到他們的朋友。所以我們發現一個支持恐怖主義的賬戶後，就會查看關聯賬戶，立即清除這些賬戶。”