世行 空氣污染所致早亡代價巨大
Premature deaths from air pollution are costing the global economy $5.1tn annually, or roughly twice the economic output of the UK, with more than half of that burden falling on China and other developing economies in Asia, according to a study.
根據一項研究，空氣污染導致的過早死亡每年給全球經濟帶來5.1萬億美元的代價，大約兩倍於英國經濟產出，而其中逾半負擔落在中國和亞洲其他發展中經濟體身上。
The estimates released yesterday by the World Bank for the first time put a welfare cost on the toll from indoor and outdoor air pollution and highlight how it has soared over the past quarter of a century, as developing economies have rapidly industrialised.
世界銀行(World Bank)昨日公佈的估計首次對室內和室外空氣污染造成的人類福祉代價進行了估算，並突顯出，隨着發展中經濟體迅速工業化，這項代價在過去四分之一個世紀出現飆升。
They also illustrate the scale of the environmental challenge confronting those countries as they seek to address chronic air pollution.
這些估算還展示了相關國家在尋求應對長期空氣污染時面對的環境挑戰的艱鉅性。
An estimated 5.5m lives were lost to diseases associated with air pollution in 2013, the latest year for which global data are available.
據估計，2013年（可獲得全球數據的最近一年）有550萬人死於與空氣污染有關的疾病。
More than 90 per cent of the premature deaths occurred in developing countries, with young children especially badly affected.
90%以上的過早死亡病例發生在發展中國家，幼童受到特別嚴重的影響。
Exposure to air pollution increases a person’s risk of illnesses such as lung cancer, stroke, heart disease and bronchitis.
暴露於空氣污染會增加一個人患病（如肺癌、中風、心臟疾病和支氣管炎）的風險。
Those diseases, and deaths from them, also carry a rising economic cost according to the study, conducted by the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle.
由世行聯手西雅圖健康指標和評估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)進行的這項研究顯示，這些疾病及其造成的死亡還導致越來越高的經濟成本。
In 1990 there were $2.6tn in welfare losses from air pollution globally (in 2011 dollar terms, adjusted for purchasing power parity), with east Asia accounting for about a quarter.
1990年，全球空氣污染造成的福祉損失達到2.6萬億美元（以2011年美元計算，經購買力平價調整），東亞佔其中大約四分之一。
Since then, the rise of China has contributed to a surge in air pollution in east Asia leading to a more than quintupling of the cost for that region to $2.3tn in 2013.
自那以來，中國的經濟崛起導致東亞空氣污染激增，導致2013年該地區的損失增至2.3萬億美元，達到原有水平的五倍。
This extracts a sizeable economic toll.
這造成了相當大的經濟代價。
In both east Asia and south Asia, the cost of deaths from air pollution was equivalent to more than 7 per cent of regional economic output in 2013.
在東亞和南亞，空氣污染造成的死亡的成本在2013年相當於地區經濟產出的7%以上。
Urvashi Narain, who led the World Bank team that assembled the report, said that while there had been some evidence of success globally in reducing household air pollution, the problem of outdoor air pollution was growing.
編制報告的世行團隊的負責人烏爾瓦什•納拉因(Urvashi Narain)表示，儘管有一些證據顯示，全球在減少家庭空氣污染方面取得了一些成功，但室外空氣污染的問題越來越大。
China has declared a war on pollution.
中國已經向污染宣戰。
We’ve seen action from India as well.
我們也看到印度採取了行動。
But at the same time we also see mentions of London and Paris as cities where this concern still exists, she said. It is such a widespread problem.
但與此同時我們也看到倫敦和巴黎被列入依然存在這種擔憂的城市，她表示，這是一個如此普遍的問題。
