北京治理空氣污染不考慮方式,避重就輕:嚴打燒烤攤
The scent of mutton skewers, dusted with chili pepper and cumin and roasting atop makeshift streetside grills, is one of the most cherished pleasures of summer in Beijing -- a cheap and seductive reward for suffering through a season otherwise marked by oppressive heat and pungent, chewable air.
簡陋的街邊燒烤攤上烤着的羊肉串、撒了辣椒和孜然，那股味道是北京夏天最令人神往的快樂之一。如果不是有這樣一種廉價且誘人的獎賞，這裏的夏天便只剩下難耐的酷熱和刺鼻且厚重的空氣。But just as they've moved to knock down the ancient alleyways that once gave Beijing its charm, city officials are now moving to rein in the skewer sellers. Among the main reasons: Air pollution.
然而，就像市政府官員採取行動拆除那一度讓北京魅力無限的古老胡同一樣，現在他們又開始動手整治烤串商販。其主要理由之一是：空氣污染。'As the weather warms up, the streets gradually fill up with roadside barbecue spots, sizzling kebabs on the grill and cold beer, which also create serious air pollution and undesired noise for the neighborhoods,' the state-run China Daily newspaper on Tuesday quoted Dang Xuefeng, spokesman for Beijing's bureau of city administration and law enforcement, as saying.
中國國有英文報紙《中國日報》(China Daily)援引北京市城管執法局發言人黨學峯的話說：天氣漸熱，賣烤串和冰啤的路邊燒烤攤會逐漸佈滿大街小巷，同時也會造成嚴重的空氣污染，吵嚷聲會打擾鄰里。
City administration officials were stepping up inspections of unlicensed grilling operations around the city, threatening violators with fines up to 5,000 yuan ($815) and possible confiscation of barbecue paraphernalia, the paper said.
《中國日報》報道稱，北京城管局官員一直在加強對無照燒烤攤的檢查工作，說違規者最高將被處以人民幣5,000元（815美元）罰款，燒烤用具可能也會被沒收。Beijing has launched barbecue crackdowns in the past, but this is the first time officials have used the city's notorious air pollution as a primary motive in going after the skewer stands -- a strategy that has raised eyebrows among environmentalists and Internet users.
北京過去也曾對市內的燒烤攤展開“嚴打”，但這是頭一次以空氣污染之名作爲管理烤串攤販的主要動機。這個策略不禁讓環保人士和網友感到懷疑。China Daily cited Peking University public health expert Pan Xiaochuan in describing smoke from barbecues as a 'very common' source of PM2.5, shorthand for the tiny airborne particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter that health experts say is particularly damaging to human health.
《中國日報》援引北京大學公共衛生專家潘小川的話說，燒烤產生的煙霧是PM2.5一種非常普遍的來源。PM2.5是懸浮在大氣中、直徑小於2.5微米的微小顆粒物，衛生專家說這種顆粒物對人體健康損害特別大。An environmental buzzword ever since angry social media users bullied Beijing into releasing better air pollution data in 2012, PM2.5 also turned up in a story about an anti-grilling sting in the city's Xicheng district that appeared during state broadcaster China Central Television's evening news broadcast on Monday. 'This outdoor barbecuing can cause the PM2.5 to rise rapidly,' a city administration official told CCTV.
2012年，迫於憤怒的社交媒體用戶的壓力，北京開始發佈更詳細的空氣污染數據。之後，PM2.5就成了時髦的環保詞彙。週一，中國國有電視臺中央電視臺(CCTV)晚間新聞節目在有關整治北京西城區大排檔報道時也提到了PM2.5。一位城管對CCTV記者說，露天燒烤會導致PM2.5濃度迅速上升。The problem: It's not at all clear that skewer stands contribute in any meaningful way to the haze that typically envelopes China's capital.
問題是：籠罩在京城上空的霧霾到底有多少是因爲燒烤攤所致，還完全沒有定論。'I can't believe that it's actually a source [of PM2.5] that they need to worry about as compared with the enormous pollution that comes from motor vehicles, coal-fired power plants and big industrial factories,' said Vance Wagner, a senior researcher at the International Council on Clean Transportation, adding that smoke from cooking isn't typically included in scientific surveys of the sources of the city's air pollution.
國際清潔交通委員會(International Council on Clean Transportation)高級研究員瓦格納(Vance Wagner)說，我簡直難以相信，相比機動車、火電廠和大型工廠造成的嚴重污染，露天燒烤竟然是他們需要擔心的一個PM2.5來源。他還說，對北京市空氣污染源的科學調查通常並不包括烹飪形成的煙這一項。A person answering the phone at the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau on Tuesday said no one at the bureau was available to provide information about the contribution of mutton grilling to the city's PM2.5 levels and directed China Real Time to the bureau's website. A scan of the website turned up no relevant statistics.
週二，北京市環保局一位接聽電話的人說，該局無人能夠提供有關露天燒烤對北京市PM2.5值影響的信息，並讓《華爾街日報》“中國實時報”欄目的記者去參考該局的網站。記者瀏覽北京市環保局網站後未找到相關統計數據。The impact of summer grilling on Beijing air quality has been raised before in state media reports urging consumers to do their part to tackle pollution ( in Chinese) -- a strategy Mr. Wagner describes as misguided.
過去，國有媒體報道中也曾提到過夏季燒烤對北京空氣質量的影響，報道敦促消費者儘自己的力量應對污染。瓦格納稱這一策略有誤導性。'The idea that street vendors or regular consumers need to share that burden is just not fair, and it diverts attention from the real culprits, ' he said. 'It's such a shame, because outdoor barbecue is such a wonderful part of Beijing.'
他說，街邊商販或普通消費者需要分擔治理空氣污染的重擔，這種想法完全不公平，會把人們的注意力從真正的罪魁禍首身上引開；這真丟臉，因爲露天燒烤是北京如此美妙絕倫的一部分。Chinese social media users were likewise miffed at the idea, with some saying they suspected the city administration officials were just using air pollution as an excuse to bully the skewer vendors.
中國社交媒體用戶也對這一想法頗爲不滿，一些人說他們懷疑城管部門只是在用空氣污染作爲藉口來欺負燒烤商販。'The people who set up barbecue stands work from dawn to dusk just trying to fill their stomachs, and the city administration officers come in swat them down like rats,' wrote one user of the Twitter-like microblogging service Sina Weibo. 'Why don't they go after car exhaust or industrial pollution?'
一位新浪微博用戶寫道：那些擺燒烤攤的起早貪黑僅僅是爲了填飽肚子，可被城管當過街老鼠一樣打。TMD，怎麼不嚴打汽車尾氣，工業廢氣。'Flatulence also raises the PM level,' wrote another, using Chinese slang for speaking nonsense.
另外一位新浪微博用戶寫道：放屁也能增加PM值！Surprisingly, none of the state media reports about the attack on one of Beijing's best loved culinary traditions mentioned the one justification most likely to earn public support: the risk that some of the unregulated vendors might be trying to pass off rat as mutton.
讓人感到意外的是，國有媒體有關治理北京最讓人喜愛的烹飪傳統之一的報道都未提到一個最有可能獲得公衆支持的理由：露天燒烤存在隱患，部分不法商販可能試圖用老鼠肉假冒羊肉。
