假小子,娘娘腔更可能成同性戀

Genetics, along with hormones and upbringing, may play a part in sexuality, according to a study。

一項研究顯示，除了荷爾蒙和教育方式外，基因也會對性取向產生影響。

Researchers claim it is known that there are well-established traits which differ between girls and boys, with, for example, boys more likely to engage in 'rough and tumble' play。

研究人員稱，衆所周知女孩和男孩的特質之間存在着根深蒂固的區別，比如男孩更喜歡打鬧。

Children who later become gay or lesbian are more likely to differ from these expected traits, or gender conformity, said a team from Queen Mary University in London。

倫敦瑪麗皇后大學的研究團隊稱，後天變成同性戀的孩子往往不具備與自身性別一致的個性和特質。

Between 50 to 80 percent of gender non-conforming boys become gay, and around a third of non-conforming girls become lesbian。

那些表現和自身性別不符的男孩有50%到80%後來成了同性戀，而那些“假小子”女孩則有約三分之一變成了同性戀。

Now, doctors Andrea Burri and Qazi Rahman believe that in girls, genes may be partially responsible for gender non-conformity and, by association, sexual orientation。

現在，安德烈·布里博士和卡齊·拉曼博士認爲，女孩表現出異性特質以及性取向出現問題，有一部分可能是由基因造成的。

They followed a group of 4000 female twins, asking them about their sexual attractions and gender non-conformity。

他們跟蹤調查了4000名雙胞胎女性，詢問她們的“性趣點”以及她們的行爲和自身性別是否相符。

They discovered genetic influences on sexual orientation (25 percent) and childhood gender nonconformity (31 percent)， reports journal PLoS One。

他們發現，基因對於性取向的影響佔了25%，童年時期行爲和性別的偏差佔了31%。這些發現發表在期刊《公共科學圖書館·綜合》上。

Dr Rahman said: ‘We found that there is a connection between these mental traits and how sexual orientation develops。

拉曼博士說：“我們發現，在這些心理特徵和性取向的發展之間存在着某種聯繫。”

‘One idea is that there is an association between these psychological traits and sexual orientation because they all develop under common biological drivers; like the development of brain regions under the influence of genes and sex hormones。

“一種想法是，這些心理特徵和性取向是相互關聯的，因爲它們都是在同一個生物機體驅動下發展的，就像大腦區域的發育同時受到基因和性激素的影響。

‘We think environmental factors and genetics drive other mechanisms, like exposure to sex hormones in the womb, to shape differences in gender nonconformity and sexuality simultaneously.’

“我們認爲環境和遺傳因素驅動着其他機制的發展，例如受到子宮內性激素的刺激會形成不同的性取向，以及造成行爲和自身性別相符或偏差。”

Dr Rahman said the results showed non-conforming behaviour came 'from within', and proved that mental health issues such as depression which have been associated with such behaviour was due to negative reactions from others。

拉曼博士說，研究結果顯示，和性別不符的行爲源自“體內”，並證實與這種行爲相關聯的抑鬱等心理健康問題是由來自他人的負面反應造成的。