世界上遠離文明社會的十大神祕之地(下)

uelen Islands

5.凱爾蓋朗羣島

Also known as the "Desolation Islands" for their sheer distance from any kind of civilization, the Kerguelen Islands are a small archipelago located in the southern Indian Ocean. There is no airstrip on the islands, and to get to them travelers must take a six-day boat ride from Reunion, a small island located off the coast of Madagascar. The islands have no native population, but like Antarctica, which lies several hundred miles south, the Kerguelens have a year-round population of scientists and engineers from France, which claims them as a territory.

南印度洋上的"荒島"，凱爾蓋朗羣島，因其遠離世界上其他文明而爲人們知曉。由於島上沒有飛機跑道，因此想要一飽眼福的遊客只能夠從靠近馬達加斯加的小島留尼旺登船，經過六天的航行才能到達。這個島上並沒有土著居民，不過就像在它南邊幾百英里的南極洲一樣，凱爾蓋朗羣島一年到頭也住有一羣人，他們就是對該島主張主權的法國科學家和工程師。

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The islands do have something of a storied past, and since they were first discovered in 1772 they have been visited by a number of different biologists and explorers, including Captain James Cook, who made a brief stop on the archipelago in 1776. Today the island is primarily a scientific center, but it also holds a satellite, a French missile defense system, and even serves as a sort of refuge for a particular type of French cattle that has become endangered on the mainland.

過去，在這個島上還發生過一些故事。從1772年人們首次登島至今，已經有一大批不同的生物學家和探險家踏上這片土地，其中就包括詹姆斯·庫克船長。詹姆斯曾經於1776年在該羣島短暫停留。這個羣島現在實際上已經成爲了一個科學考察中心。但是，它也配有一顆衛星，還有一套法國導彈防禦系統，同時還是一種在歐洲大陸上已經瀕臨滅絕的法國公牛的避難所。

airn Island

4.皮特凱恩島

Pitcairn Island is a tiny speck of land located nearly dead in the center of the southern Pacific Ocean. Its closest neighbors are the Gambier Islands and Tahiti to the West, but even these are several hundred miles away. The island, which is the last remaining British territory in the Pacific, has a standing population of some fifty people, many of whom are descended from crewmembers of the famed HMS Bounty.

皮特凱恩島，是孤懸在太平洋中南部的小島，其近鄰分別是西邊的甘比爾羣島和塔希提島，雖然說是距離最近的，但是也相距700多英里。皮特凱恩羣島是英國在太平洋的最後一塊領地，常住居民50人左右，其中很多都是著名英國皇家軍艦慷慨號船員的後代。

In 1789, the Bounty was the setting for a now-legendary mutiny, when crewmembers enchanted by the idyllic life of the native Pacific islanders overthrew their commander, burned their ship in a nearby bay, and settled on Pitcairn. Today, the descendants of those sailors mostly make their living off of farming, fishing, and selling their extremely rare postage stamps to collectors, but even with modern transportation they still remain one of the most isolated communities in the world. There is no airstrip on the island, and getting there from the mainland requires hopping a ride on a shipping boat out of New Zealand, a journey that can take as long as ten days.

1789年，慷慨號發生了現在看來具有傳奇色彩的叛變：船員迷戀上太平洋島嶼原住民的美好生活，罷免了船長，並且在皮特凱恩羣島附近一個海灣燒燬了船隻，定居在皮特凱恩島上。如今，這些慷慨號船員的後代大都以農業、漁業以及向集郵者售賣他們稀有的郵票爲生。但儘管有現代交通工具，皮特凱恩羣島的居民仍然是世界上被隔離的羣體。由於島上沒有飛機跑道，所以從大陸到達那裏需要從新西蘭乘船出發，再飛一程，整個行程要耗費長達十天左右的時間。

t, Nunavut, Canada

3.加拿大努勒維特，阿勒特

Located in Canada on the tip of the Nunavut territory, Alert is a small village that lies on the Arctic Ocean only 500 miles below the North Pole. It is widely considered to be the northernmost permanently inhabited place in the world (with a whopping five year-round residents), and also one of the most inhospitable. Temperatures in Alert, which also serves as a Canadian radio receiving facility and a weather laboratory, can get as low as 40 degrees below zero, and because of its location at the top of the Earth, the camp alternates between 24-hour sunlight during the summer and 24-hour darkness during the winter.

阿勒特是位於加拿大努勒維特地區頂端的一個小村莊，頻臨北冰洋，距離北極也只有500英里。人們普遍認爲阿勒特是地球最北端但仍有人長期居住的地方（有居民曾在那裏居住長達五年的時間）。而且由於當地溫度太低，最低溫度可低達零下40攝氏度，所以這裏也是最不適宜人類居住的地方。阿勒特還是無線電接收站和氣象研究室，由於其位於地球最頂部，所以一年冬夏兩季就在極晝和極夜之間變化。

The nearest town to Alert is a small fishing village some 1,300 miles away, and you would have to travel nearly twice that distance to reach major cities like Quebec. Because of its military function, Alert does have an airport, but because of weather it is often unusable. In 1991, a C-130 aircraft crashed there when its pilot misjudged his altitude and brought his plane down 19 miles short of the runway. 4 people died in the crash, and another perished while waiting for a rescue party, which took nearly 30 hours to make the short journey to the site because of a blizzard.

距離阿勒特最近的小鎮是一個小漁村，大約1300英里；如果要到魁北克等大城市，你還得走這麼遠。出於軍事需要，所以那裏設有機場，但是由於天氣原因，機場經常不能使用。1991年，一架c-130軍用運輸機曾在這裏墜毀。飛行員對於飛行高度判斷錯誤，飛機降落後離跑道還差19英里，從而釀成了悲劇。事故造成4人遇難，而且由於遭遇暴風雪，救援隊歷經將近30個小時才趕到救援地點，另有一名遇難者在等待救援時不幸身亡。

o County, China

2.中國，墨脫縣

Considered the last county in China without a road leading to it, Motuo is a small community in the Tibetan Autonomous Region that remains one of the few places in Asia still untouched by the modern world. Just getting to Motuo is a Herculean task, as travelers must follow a grueling overland route through frozen parts of the Himalayas before crossing into the county by way of a 200-meter-long suspension bridge. The county is renowned for its beauty—Buddhist scripture regards it as Tibet's holiest land—and it is said to be a virtual Eden of plant life, housing one-tenth of all flora in China. Despite its stunning geography and natural resources, Motuo still remains something of an island unto itself. Millions of dollars have been spent over the years in trying to build a serviceable road to it, but all attempts have eventually been abandoned because of mudslides, avalanches, and a generally volatile landscape. As the story goes, in the early 90s a makeshift highway was built that led from the outside world into the heart of Mutuo County. It lasted for only a few days before becoming un-passable, and was soon reclaimed by the dense forest.

墨脫是西藏自治區的一個小村落，是中國最後一個沒有通公路的地方，而西藏仍然是亞洲少數幾個沒有與現代社會接軌的地區之一。遊客必須踏上異常難走的道路，穿過喜馬拉雅山脈的冰川地帶，然後再跨過200米長的懸索橋，這樣才能進入墨脫縣，所以說遊客若想進入墨脫是非常困難的事情。佛經認爲，墨脫縣是西藏最聖神的地方。墨脫因其壯美而舉世聞名，人們認爲這裏是植物真正的伊甸園：墨脫擁有的植物種類佔到中國植物誌種類的十分之一。儘管擁有驚人的地理條件和豐富的自然資源，但墨脫仍是與世隔絕的地方。在過去的幾年裏，人們爲了修建一條通向墨脫的公路，已經花費了數百萬美元，但因爲泥石流、雪崩和無常的地形，最終這些努力無果而終。據說，在上世紀90年代初，人們修建了一條由外界通向墨脫縣的臨時公路。但這條臨時公路只使用了幾天便無法通行，隨後就被茂密的森林所覆蓋。

tan da Cunha

1.特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島

The single most remote inhabited place in the world, Tristan de Cunha is an archipelago of small islands located in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The nearest land to the island is South Africa, which is roughly 1,700 miles away, while the South American coast lies at a distance of about 2,000 miles. Despite its tiny size and astonishing isolation, Tristan de Cunha has enjoyed a rich history. The island was first discovered in 1506 by a Portuguese explorer, and was later annexed by the British, who feared the French might use it as a point of departure to rescue Napoleon, who had been exiled to nearby St. Helena. A small group of British, Italian, and American settlers began living on the island in the 1800s, and it is still under the U.K.'s jurisdiction today. The islands now have a total population 271 people, most of whom are descended from those original settlers and make their living as farmers and craft makers. Although the island now has some television stations and access to the internet via satellite, it is still the most physically isolated location on planet earth. The island's rocky geography makes building an airstrip impossible, so the only way to travel to it is by boat. It was once regularly connected to South Africa by a British transport ship, but this vessel has since stopped calling on the island, and outside of the occasional cargo vessel, now the only visitors to Tristan da Cunha are deep sea fishing boats.

特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島是全世界最偏遠而有人居住的島嶼，位於南大西洋，是由一些小島組成的羣島。特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島距離最近的大陸南非，約有1700英里，而距離南美海岸大約2000英里。雖然其面積很小也非常偏僻，但是特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島卻有着豐富的歷史。一位葡萄牙探險家於1506年首次發現了它，這個島後來就成爲了英國的海外領地，因爲英國人擔心法國人會將其作爲營救拿破崙的出發地——拿破崙當時被流放到了聖赫勒拿島。19世紀，由英國人、意大利人和美國人組成的一小羣人開始在特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島生活，現如今，該島仍然屬於英國的管轄範圍。該島現有人口271人，大部分是原始定居者的後裔，以農業和手工業爲生。現在，島上雖有幾個電視頻道，也可以通過衛星上網，但從地理位置來說，仍是地球上最偏僻的地方。因爲島上多岩石，建設飛機跑道是不可能的事，所以前往該島的唯一辦法就是乘船。過去，它曾通過一艘英國運輸船定期與南非往來，但這條船已經不再去了。現在，除了偶爾的貨船，唯一到訪特里斯坦-達庫尼亞島的就是深海捕漁船了。

翻譯:梅子九 來源:前十網