殫精竭慮 一生只寫一部著作的巨匠

For 55 years, Harper Lee had been one of the best-known literary one hit wonders: she won the Pulitzer prize for her only published novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. But now the 88-year-old has revealed that she will publish a second novel this summer, which she technically wrote before To Kill a Mockingbird and which even inspired her only book to date.
55年來，哈珀·李的名作一直只有那部使得獲得普利策獎的《殺死一隻知更鳥》。而現已88歲的她最近表示今年夏天要發表第二部小說，即將出版的第二部小說實際上寫於《殺死一隻知更鳥》之前，且爲這部名作的書寫提供了不少靈感。

But Lee leaves a number of literary one-hit wonders behind her. Here are a few of the best:
和之前的哈珀·李一樣，很多著名作家因一書而成名，且一生只出版了這一部小說。

1. Margaret Mitchell - Gone With The Wind (1936)
1. 瑪格麗特·米切爾--《亂世佳人》（1936）

Published in 1936, the sweeping tale of Scarlett O'Hara and the dashing Rhett Butler was an instant success. Mitchell, a writer for her local Atlanta newspaper, won the Pulitzer Prize and saw her debut novel turned into a Hollywood epic.
小說於1936年發表後，斯嘉麗和瑞德的故事立刻橫掃全球，獲得了巨大的成功。小說作者米切爾不僅獲得了普利策獎，還見證了自己的首部出版小說被搬上熒屏成爲了好萊塢的經典。

Mitchell hated fame and declared that she would not write another word as long as she lived. She died in a road accident in 1949. In 1995, an unpublished manuscript she had written as a teenager was discovered. It was published the following year as Lost Laysen, a romantic novella set in the South Pacific.
米切爾是個不喜名譽的人，她宣稱在有生之年不再寫任何東西。1949年她死於一場車禍。1995年，她寫於青少年時期的一份未經發表的手稿被發現，次年這部描寫南天平洋一個小島上的愛情故事的名爲《失去的萊鬆島》的短片故事被髮表。

2. Oscar Wilde - The Picture of Dorian Grey (1890)
2.奧斯卡·王爾德--《道林·格雷的畫像》（1980）

While Wilde built a career of writing poetry and plays, his arguably most controversial work was his only published novel. At the end of the 19th century its narrative of obsession, murder and hedonism offended Victorian society, with critics dubbing The Picture of Dorian Grey everything from "effeminate" to "unclean". Perhaps it rubbed off: Wilde never wrote another novel again.
王爾德以詩歌和戲劇創作聞名，而他最受爭議的也是他唯一出版的小說。十九世紀末，這部小說中對癡戀、謀殺及享樂主義的記敘與當時的社會格格不入，評論者對《道林·格雷的畫像》批評從“女人氣”到“不純潔”。或許是因爲這些批評，王爾德之後再沒寫過任何一部小說。

3. JD Salinger - The Catcher in the Rye (1951)
3. 傑羅姆·大衛·塞林格--《麥田裏的守望者》（1951）

Although he wrote short stories and the novella Franny and Zooey, The Catcher in the Rye was Salinger's only novel. The author was believed to have retreated from society to spend his last half century as a hermit, until letters published in January this year revealed that he had been travelling the world, visiting West End shows and popping into Burger King, all the while happily chatting to strangers who had no idea who he was.
雖然也會寫短篇故事如《弗蘭妮與卓埃》，但《麥田裏的守望者》是塞林格唯一的一部小說。據說這位作家的後半生遠離社會紛擾、做了一名隱士，但今年一月發表的信件表明他曾經周遊世界，觀看過倫敦西區劇院的演出，也匆匆走進過漢堡王快餐店，跟不認識自己的人一起愉快地聊天。

4. Emily Brontë - Wuthering Heights (1847)
4. 艾米莉·勃朗特--《呼嘯山莊》（1847）

Brontë published her one and only novel under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. She died the following year, aged 30, from tuberculosis. In 1850, a new edition of Wuthering Heights was published with a preface written by her sister, Charlotte.
勃朗特以筆名埃利斯·貝爾出版了其唯一的一部小說，次年30歲的她死於肺結核。1850年，《呼嘯山莊》再次出版，姐姐夏洛特爲其撰寫前言。

5. Boris Pasternak - Dr Zhivago (1957)
5. 鮑里斯·帕斯捷爾納克--《日瓦戈醫生》（1957）

While Pasternak was an acclaimed poet, he only published one novel: Dr Zhivago. The controversial tome struggled to get published because of Pasternak's controversial attitude to socialism in soviet Russia. The manuscript was smuggled out of Russia before being published in Italy. When the novel won Pasternak the Nobel Prize in 1958, he was forced to turn it down by the Soviet authorities - or else face exile or prison. However, it was not this strife which meant Pasternak never published another novel, but the fact he died two years later from lung cancer.
雖然帕斯捷爾納克是一個著名的詩人，但他曾出版過唯一的一部小說《日瓦戈醫生》。由於作者對於蘇聯社會主義的態度引發爭議，所以這部小說的出版過程相當艱難。小說手稿是在被私運出蘇聯之後纔在意大利出版的。1958年帕斯捷爾納克憑藉這部小說獲得諾貝爾文學獎，但蘇聯政府強迫他拒絕獎項，否則將對其施以放逐或監禁。當然並不是這場鬥爭導致帕斯捷爾納克不再寫小說的，而是兩年後他因肺癌去世了。

6. Anna Sewell - Black Beauty (1877)
6. 安娜·休厄--《黑駿馬》（1877）

English novellist Sewell wrote the equine children's classic in the last years of her life while she confined to bed by ill health. There she worked on it for seven years, finally being published six months before she died - just long enough for her to witness its instant early success.
英國作家休厄生命中的最後幾年因病在牀上度過的，在此期間她寫下了這部與馬有關的經典兒童小說。她花了7年的時間完成它，最終在去世前6個月得以發表，使得她能夠親眼見證自己的成功。

7. Marcel Proust - In Search of Lost Time (A la recherche du temps perdu) (1913-1927)
7. 馬塞爾·普魯斯特--《追憶似水年華》（1913-1927）

Its 4,215 pages are split over seven volumes, but In Search of Lost Time counts as one novel. Proust started writing it in 1909, and was still working on until he fell ill for the final time, weeks before his death in November 1922. Although the sprawling novel continued to be published five years after his death, Proust raised the funds to publish the first part of it himself in 1913.
雖然4215頁的長度被分成七卷，但《追憶似水年華》只是一部小說。普魯斯特於1909年開始創作，直到1922年11月因病去世前的那段時間依然在寫作。1913年普魯斯特自己籌錢發表了小說的第一部分，他去世之後，這部小說又接連發表了五年的時間。