高考大日子：世界各地的高校入學考試大綱

June 7 is a big day for people in China aiming to undertake higher education as the National College Entrance Exam, or gaokao, falls that day. The exam has long been controversial for imposing uniformity in picking talents. Do students in other countries have to suffer similar pressures to win university places? Let's have a look.
對中國許多想接受高等教育的學生來說，6月7日是個大日子，因爲這是高考的第一天。長久以來，高考制度因其單一的人才選拔制度而飽受爭議，那麼其他國家的學生是否也需要承擔如此壓力才能進入心儀的大學呢？讓我們一起來看看吧。

year, millions of Chinese sit the exam which is held normally on June 7-8.
每年6月7、8日兩天，中國數百萬的學生參加高考。

It is taken by students in their final year of senior high school without age restriction. Last year 9.12 million students took the exam. Although university admission is rising, with more than 90 percent in some provinces, to enter a good university one still needs go through fierce competition.
高考在學生高三最後學年結束時舉行，去年有912萬考生應考。儘管高考的大學錄取率在提高，有些省份高達90%以上，但想要進入一個理想的好大學還是要經過高考的激烈競爭。

2. The American College Testing assessment (ACT) and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) are the two main college entrance exams administered in the United States.
ACT美國大學入學考試和SAT美國高考，是美國施行的兩種主要高校入學考試。

While the SAT measures a student's ability to learn, the ACT was created as an alternative, measuring a student's educational development. Although many US colleges accept both exams, most students take the ACT. Each year nearly two million students pay a registration fee of about $50 to take the test, which is administered six times throughout the year. Students can also retake the exam for a better score.
SAT考查學生的學習能力，而ACT作爲一門自選考試、考查學生的教育發展能力。雖然美國大多數大學對兩種考試都持認可態度，但大部分學生參加ACT考試。每年有將近2000萬考生支付50美元的報考費，一年有6次報考機會。學生可以重複參加考試以獲取最好成績。

3. The United Kingdom does not have a specific standardized test for determining college admission.
英國沒有統一的大學入學標準考試。

Instead, each college sets up its own admissions criteria, which often only involves submission of transcripts and participation in an interview. There are subject-specific exams used by some colleges, but they are not as comprehensive as tests like the ACT and gaokao. High school academic performance is by far the main determining factor, rather than test scores or other credentials.
替而代之的，每個大學都有自己的考覈標準，有些只需上交成績單並進行一場面試就可以了。有些大學採用針對學科的考試，但這些考試都不像ACT和高考那麼綜合全面。目前，中學的學習成績是英國大學錄取的主要因素，而不是僅憑某一考試分數或其他證書。

so-called college entrance examination is equal to the baccalaureate in June in France.
法國6月份的畢業考和所謂的“高考”等同。

Students interested in higher education have to choose between two types of educational institutes: Universities and Competitive Institutes (Grandes Ecoles). French universities are open to all students who have passed their baccalaureate. But getting into a "grande école" is a whole different game where entry is at "bac+2" level, the level of the third year of university studies.
對高等教育有興趣的同學可以選擇兩種學校就讀：大學或有競爭力的學院（法國“大學校”）。法國大學對所有通過畢業考的學生開放，但想進入“大學校”則有不同的准入規則，入學的學生必須達到bac+2水平，等同於大學三年級的水平。 Japan there is a National Center Test for University Admissions, a standardized test used by public and some private universities.
日本則爲大學准入安排了全國性大學入學考試，其標準化考試爲衆多公立和私立大學所採納。

Because students only have one chance to take the test each year, there is great pressure to perform well and the majority of senior high school education is devoted to this single test. This year, 561,000 students sat the entrance examination in January.
由於學生每年只有一次機會參加考試，所以要一次考好就會給學生很大壓力，進而日本高中教育的重點都是爲了這一場考試。今年1月，日本有561000學生參加大學入學考試。

ege Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) or college entrance exam is held in November each year in South Korea.
每年11月份，韓國都要舉行大學修學能力測試（CSAT）或者大學入學考試。

CSAT plays an important role in the country's education and it is commonly believed that the test paves the way and life of most high school graduates. On the test day, the stock markets open late and buses and subways are increased to avoid traffic jams that may prevent students from getting to testing sites. Students who are late for the tests are escorted by police officers.
CSAT在韓國的教育中扮演着重要角色，通常認爲這場考試決定着大部分高中畢業生的前途和命運。在考試這一天，股票市場開盤推遲、公車地鐵班次增加以避免交通堵塞，這一切都是爲保證學生能準時到達考場。有遲到危險的考生還會得到交警的護送。

e is no common college entrance exam in India.
在印度沒有公共大學入學考試。

Tests, a must for every university and college, are conducted by several institutions and students are selected on different criteria. The exams are based on various syllabi and are mostly conducted for the higher level of education.
在印度，每個大學都要通過測試來考覈錄取學生，而考試則由幾個院校管理主持，高校根據不同標準挑選學生。考試根據不同的教學大綱進行設計，以服務高等教育遴選學生。

School National Exam (ENEM) is a non-mandatory, standardized Brazilian national exam, which evaluates high school students in November.
在巴西，國家高考（ENEM）是非強制性的標準化國家考試，每年11月舉行，以考覈中學生的學習水平。

The ENEM is the most important exam of its kind in Brazil, since it has been used as an admission test for enrollment in federal universities and educational institutes. Also it's used for certification for a high school degree. In 2013, about 7 million people registered for the exam.
ENEM國家高考在巴西是同類考試中最重要的，因爲它已經被當做聯邦大學和學院的准入考試。同時，它也被用來授予中學學位。2013年，巴西約700萬考生參加ENEM國家高考。