詳解託福閱讀的3個基本解題步驟
在託福閱讀考試中，我們做題一般都是按照找、讀、選這樣的做題步驟來解題的。如何掌握這3個基本解題步驟就是我們託福閱讀考試取得高分的關鍵。以下就是小編爲大家帶來的託福閱讀解題的3個基本步驟，希望對大家託福閱讀提分有幫助。
詳解託福閱讀的3個基本解題步驟
如何運用託福閱讀的三個基本解題步驟?當大家瞭解了做題的三個基本步驟以後，我們來實踐操作一個題目，大家做這道題的時候一定明白，它不要求一個學生去讀完整段文字所有的詞和所有的信息，你只需要正確地掃描和定位就可以了。比如說大家看當年出現的托福考試題目，在做題之前，我們還可以把這個做題步驟更有效地去過一遍：第一個步驟應該是找，找定位詞，找定位詞在文章中第一次出現的位置;第二步是讀，讀懂定位詞存在這句話;第三步應該是選。
按照找、讀、選這樣的做題步驟，這道題目是這麼說的“According to paragraph 4, compared with all otherstates that use Ogallala water for irrigation,Texas”。這個問題拿到手以後，它是一個標準的事實信息題，問的是關於第四段當中的一個具體內容，大家第一步應該讀懂的是關於這個問題到底在問什麼，首先你們請看，根據第四段，比起來所有其他那些使用Ogallala的水來灌溉的洲，請問，德州是什麼情況?大家必須要明白，句子中“comparedwith all other states that use Ogallala water forirrigation”它只是作爲狀語成分出現，而問題真正問的是關於德州。既然問題問德州，我們需要去尋找掃描定位德州存在的句子，這個時候可見讀懂問題是非常重要的，大家想，如果我們現在定位的不是“Texas”，而是“irrigation”灌溉，或者是“Ogallala”，或者是其他的詞，你就沒有辦法找到能夠回答這個問題的句子。
所以如果已經確定德州的話，在一段文字當中，千萬不要去讀每個詞和每個句子，這樣的弊端應該大家能夠想得到，那就是：第一個，浪費了很多時間;第二個，信息量非常大，導致我們沒有時間去完成所有的題目。所以對於託福閱讀考試而言，一定要掃描定位，在一段非常長的文字當中快速地從段首開始掃描定位，然後找到德州所存在的句子。掃描這件事情，大家經過訓練，就可以非常熟練。
那麼，第一次當你找到德州這個詞出現的位置，意味着這個詞之前的所有的這些句子成分，在文章中都從來沒有提到過德州這個詞。而真正能夠回答這個問題的，也就是德州出現的位置。按照《官方指南》說明，我們只需要去快速讀懂這句話，而且後面的信息在一般情況下也不需要去讀，答案通常出現在一句或者兩句話當中。所以大家在讀完這句話之後，快速去驗證選項找一個同義替換。
最後我們再幫大家整體地梳理一遍做題步驟。首先拿到一道事實信息題，讀問題，問題在問什麼找什麼，問題定位詞應該是“Texas”，所以需要從段首掃描定位，去找到“Texas”這個詞第一次出現的位置，然後閱讀這個句子。在讀完之後，抓住它的準確含義，從選項當中去驗證一個正確選項，這就是我們要跟大家說的關於考試閱讀整個的做題步驟。而這道題，也是在託福閱讀的十種題型當中，出現頻率最高，佔據分數最大的一個題目。
其它託福閱讀題目大家也依然可以按照這樣的方式，仔細研讀關於《官方指南》中對題目的說明。其實不僅是閱讀這個部分，聽力、口語、寫作也需要大家去更好地去了解托福考試的要求、原理是怎樣的，然後更高效、不走彎路地備考。最後，我們希望大家能夠真正地循序漸進地準備托福考試，厚積薄發，最終取得好成績。最後，祝大家在2020年托福考試順利。
託福閱讀材料：Whale fossil stuck in Egypt customs wrangle
Its name in Arabic is Wadi Hitan but it is known as the Valley of theWhales.
For years palaeontologists have been unearthing a remarkable collection ofwhale fossils, all the more surprising because the area is now inland desert inupper Egypt.
It is believed that about 40 million years ago the area was submerged inwater, part of the Tethys Sea. As the sea retreated north to the Mediterraneanit left a series of unique rock formations and also a cornucopia of fossils.
One of the most exceptional finds was a 37 million-year-old whale from thespecies Basilosaurus isis, unearthed by a team led by Prof Philip Gingerich ofthe University of Michigan in the United States.
But now it has become the subject of a bizarre customs wrangle at Cairoairport.
Prof Gingerich explained that this was the only complete specimen from thisspecies of whale.
It provides evidence of how whales evolved from being land-based creaturesto go back into the sea - a reverse of the usual evolutionary process.
Basilosaurus isis retained tiny feet, a useless reminder of its evolutionfrom land animal to sea-dweller.
The limbs are human sized, even though the creature is 15m-16m long.
For the past two years Prof Gingerich and his team have been painstakinglyreassembling the skeleton back in Michigan. It is now being returned to Egyptfor a new museum, planned for the Valley of the Whales.
But according to the Egyptian media the whale skeleton is stuck at Cairoairport.
Customs agents are demanding a $40,000 fee.
It is not clear how they came to that figure as prehistoric fossils have noagreed market value.
In any case the Egyptian authorities who are importing the fossil arerefusing to pay.
A senior official from the ministry of tourism has warned that the issueneeds to be resolved speedily, otherwise it could cause a "big scandal" forEgypt, he said.
Prof Gingerich joked that it had taken two-and-a-half years to be allowedto export the fossil to the United States, and it could take anothertwo-and-a-half years to get it back.
託福閱讀材料彙總：Will Satellites and Supercomputers Improve Bird Watching?
Add space satellites and supercomputers to the list of birdwatchingtools.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Cornell University's Lab ofOrnithology are combining those high-tech tools with a database of birdsightings contributed by birdwatchers to learn how climate change is affectingbird movement in the United States.
"The approach we're taking here is we're trying to bring together as muchenvironmental data as we can to try to understand what influences the birdmigration," said Bob Cook, a distinguished research scientist at ORNL involvedwith the effort. "We're trying to address a really important question withregard to climate change: How might climate change influence the migrationpatterns of birds?"
That includes information about rainfall, temperature and snow cover, aswell as the start of spring greening and the composition of land cover --forested, urbanized or grassland, for example.
The land cover information is drawn from a NASA satellite sensor, MODIS --that's short for "Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer". Bird sightingsare taken from an online database run by Cornell and the National AudubonSociety. Launched in 2003, E-bird allows "citizen scientists" to submit detailedreports via an Internet checklist.
Combining and analyzing all that data will require computing might providedby TeraGrid, a National Science Foundation-administered network ofsupercomputers.
Steve Kelling, director of information science at Cornell's ornithologylab, said the new project will allow scientists to link bird sightings toclimate conditions.
Via the seven-year-old E-bird database -- which accepts observationsrecorded a century ago, as well as present-day bird sightings -- "we have reallygood information on the location where observations were made," Kelling said."We can link those with other kinds of environmental observations, like landcover, type of climate, temperature, elevation and human demographicinformation."
Adding in the MODIS satellite data provides information about when springgreening begins and when fall starts, he said, two things that seem to beimportant environmental cues for bird migration.
Potential for a fatal mismatch
Eventually, the scientists would like to develop models that can forecasthow future climate shifts might affect bird populations.
"We'd like to be able to shift the greening index to occur two weeksearlier or two weeks later and see if that influences the model's predictions ofwhen birds will arrive at certain latitudes," Kelling said.
Climate change could produce a mismatch between a bird species' cue tomigrate or nest and the availability of food, he noted, a phenomenon that's beenobserved with some species in Europe. For example, if the American Robinmiscalculates spring and arrives before the insects it eats are ready, the birdscould starve.
Several recent reports -- including two by the Interior Department and onefrom the National Audubon Society -- have found evidence that climate change isalready altering bird habitat and migration patterns in the United ing said the advantage of the new project is harnessing the power ofE-bird.
It's the only dataset that gives information about patterns of birdmovement throughout the year, he said, noting that many other studies haverelied on data collected through the Audubon's annual Christmas Bird Count orsimilar events.
In contrast, birders submitted 11 million individual bird sightings toE-bird between January 1 and July 31 of this year.
"It's just an immense amount of information," said Cook, whose work on thebird project is a proof of concept for a larger effort he's helping to direct,the Data Observation Network for Earth.
The five-year, NSF-funded program aims to help research scientists find newways to visualize and explore large amounts of information.
