This與Here的用法及區別
This的意思是pron.這，這個; 這事，這人; 這時; 下面所說的事;his與Here的用法及區別有哪些呢?本文是本站小編整理his與Here的用法及區別的資料，僅供參考。
This 指代詞，Here 一般指地點，或者廣義的範圍
This is the place I like to go ; Here is the place I like to go 這裏應該同指地點
This is the girl ; Here is a girl 這裏的this就是指girl ,而這裏的Here指的就不是girl，而是指的女孩所在的位置或範圍
here的用法
“here”是表示“處所”的副詞, 表示“在這裏”。但它的用法卻不僅如此, 現作簡單歸納。
1. 常用在動詞be之後, 作表語, 表示“在/到這裏”。主語可以是表特指的名詞、代詞、不定代詞„„等, 有時也可用泛指性的名詞詞組。如:
Ann is not here.
— Where is my shirt?
— It's here.
— Where are they?
— They are here.
Is everyone here today?
Are we all here?
肯定陳述句中, 這種“here”有時也可提前置於句首。主語若爲名詞, 應引起倒裝; 主語若爲人稱代詞, 則“主謂”要用正常語序。這種提前主要是爲了強調。如:
— Where's my watch?
— Is it in your bag?
— No, it isn't. Oh, here it is. (— It is here. )It's in my pencil-box.
若主語爲泛指性名詞, 還原正常語序時, 應用“There be +主語+here”句型。
Here is an English book. (=There is an English book here. An English book is here. )
2. 用在其他行爲動詞之後或句末, 作狀語, 表示運動的方向, 行爲發生的處所, 放置東西的處所„„等。如:
Come here, please.
Please sit down here.
Put them here.
還常用在“there be..."結構末作狀語:
There are some books here.
There aren't any cats here.
here和there用法here/there是也是我們生活中最常用的單詞，它的用法主要有哪些呢?還有，上學時老師說，它們是副詞，前面不能加介詞in，這種說法對嗎?要解決這些問題，我們從它的詞性來分析，從名著中找到例句。
一、here/there 作爲 副詞
這個詞性是我們最常用的，主要在句中主要作狀語、定語和表語(主要在be動詞之後，也有人說be動詞後here/there爲形容詞)，例：
1. At that moment he felt him stop moving but the weight was still there. 《老人與海》
2. “I wish the boy was here,” he said aloud and…《老人與海》
3. And so we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 《我有一個夢》
3. ''for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.'' 《傲慢與偏見》
2. I had to sit there and listen to that crap. 《麥田裏的守望者》
3. “No, don’t let’s go there. They’ll be in a stew getting ready for the barbecue tomorrow and besides—” 《飄》
二、here/there 作爲 感嘆詞
作爲感嘆詞，主要常見於口語中，例：
1. Hi, there! 你好! 《走遍美國》
2. Here, I'll hold this for you. 《阿甘正傳》
三、here/there作爲 名詞(也有的人和書上把這種用法說成是代詞。)
這種用法本也是常見的，但是我們卻很少去分析，尤其在討論到其前是否可加介詞in時，很多人都說不行，因爲here/there是副詞，特別是老師在上課上多數這樣說，一直導至對許多英語學習者認爲in here和in there是錯誤的用法;其實這是一種非常錯誤的說法，in here和in there 在英語作品中是非常常用的。下面分別計論一前面加介詞的常見情況：
(一)around here/there, from here/there, over here/there
這些詞組是我們英語中非常常見的，但是很多人卻很少思考和分析;他們並沒有意思到around, from, over 都是介詞，所以其後的here/there應該是名詞。
1. And their intermarrying has made them different from other folks around here.《飄》
2. "I can't turn around here, Mac. This here's a one-way. 《麥田》
3. The dolphin look greener from there and …《老人與海》
4. Just compare me with those rag-tags over there and you’ll appreciate me more.《飄》
(二)out of here/there
這個用法也是我們在英語作品中非常常見的，out of 爲介詞，所以些外的here/there也是名詞，例：
1. You may be getting the hell out of here, but I have to stick around long enough to graduate.麥田
2. You crossed the line. Wheel this meat out of here. 《阿凡達》
3. Fall back now, get out of there. 《阿凡達》
(三)in here 和 in there
每當說到here/there之間能否加介詞in時，很多人，尤其是一些教師總會這樣說：here/there是副詞，前而不能加介詞，所以不能加in，例如go there, come here。這樣的錯誤的說法一直影響着人們，所以第當出現in here或in there時，多數人認爲是錯誤的，都說應該去掉in。實際上，in here和in there不但是正確的，而且在英語作品中是很常見的，例如：
1. "Phoebe, have you been smoking a cigarette in here? Tell me the truth, please, young lady." 《麥田》
2. He will fool them again this morning, in there, in the midst …《獨身男子》
既然這樣，in here/there和here/there的用法有什麼區別呢?in here 指“在這裏面”，here 僅表示“在這兒”，換言之，in here表達的“在這兒，這裏”比here表達的範圍更小、更具體。同樣，in there與 in here 的用法差不多，意思指“在那兒裏面”，表達的意思比there更小、更具體。例：
3. It’s cold here. 這兒很冷。(指一個較大的範圍。)
4. It’s cold in here. 這裏面很冷。(指一個較小、更具體的範圍，比如一個房間內。)
英語文學作品中的例子更是舉不勝舉：
5. The field-folk shut in there traded northward and westward… 《德伯家的苔絲》
6. He's in there now with his law books finding out the law of libel. 《尤里西斯》
7. Mrs. Reed said calmly，'Take her away to the red room and lock her in there.'And so I was carried upstairs，arms waving and legs kicking.《簡愛》
8. "And stop worrying, Crookshanks will be sleeping in my dormitory and Scabbers in yours, what's the problem? Poor Crookshanks, that witch said he'd been in there for ages; no one wanted him." 《哈利波特與阿茲卡班的囚徒》
9. "Huck, you just wait till we get in there... "《湯姆·索亞歷險記》
10. “Dad, did you start the wash?” I shouted out my door.
“Um, no,” he shouted back, sounding guilty. “Did you want me to?”
“No, I got it. Were you looking for something in my room?”
“No. Why?”
“I can’t find . . . a shirt. . . .”
“I haven’t been in there.” 《暮光之城3-月食》
注：除了習慣上可以和以上的這些介詞連用外，一般是不能和at 連用的。
所以，由上可以得出：there 除了副詞，還有名詞的詞性，若籠統地說前面不能加介詞絕對是錯的，例如 around there/here, over there/here，就像home 一樣，前面也是可以加介詞的，如at home,或in home; 我們平常說的前面不能加介詞，是說它作爲副詞時，前面不能加介詞to，如go to there(錯)。
this,that和it用法一，this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處) That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣東西，先說this, 後說that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時說This is„, 不說That is„。如：
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。
(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時，介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如： —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎? —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是誰?
注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時絕不可以說：I am„, Are you„?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎? —Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什麼? —It’s a kite. 是隻風箏。
二e和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的複數形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的複數形式,指時間、距離較遠或前面已經提到過的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 這是我的牀。那是莉莉的牀。 ②These pictures are good. 這些畫很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時，通常用they代替these或those以避免
全國註冊建築師、建造師考試 備考資料 歷年真題 考試心得 模擬試題
重複。如：
④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎? Yes, they are. 是的，他們是。 一填空
1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(這些) 2. I don’t like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)
3. I want _____(這個) sweater. I don’t want________(那個) sweater._____ (那個)is too big. 二、英漢互譯。
1. 這支鋼筆 2. 那些英語書 3. these erasers 4. that car 三、選擇。
( )
1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those
D. This, That ( )2. Is _____ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these ( )
3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons. A. This B. These C. That D. those
( )4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those
5. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father. A. This,those B. That,these C. These,these D. This,this
三，There be句型
(1) There be句型主要用以表達“某處(某時)有某人(某物)。” 下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結構：
There be放句首，主語跟在後。地、時放句末，強調置前頭。如： There is a book on the desk. 有時爲了強調地點，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如： On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣：
Be動詞，有三個，am，is還有are。“There be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其後的名詞是單數還是複數。若是單數或不可數名詞用is，否則就用are。如 ①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子). ③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”後的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞，那麼be的形式要遵循“遠親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數或不可數名詞要用is，是複數就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 練習1：用is或are填空
1. There________many monkeys in the mountain. 2. There_______a beautiful garden in our school. 3. There _________some water in the glass. 4. There __________some bread on the table.
5. _________there any maps on the wall?
6. There __________twenty desks in our classroom.
四，have/has
五.區別except/besides和except for：
except：指“(不包括本身在內的)除„„之外”，“-” E.g. He gets up early every day except Sunday. besides：指“(包括本身在內的)除„„之外”，“+” E.g. Five others were late besides me. except for：指前後比較範圍是不同類型的 E.g. Except for one old man, the bus was empty.
語法易錯點歸納總結
[第一類] 名詞類
1. 這些女老師們在幹什麼?
[誤] What are the woman teachers doing? [正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英語中，當一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或複數形式)時，作定語的名詞一般要用其單數形式;但當man，woman作定語修飾可數名詞複數形式時，要用其複數形式men，women.
2. 房間裏有多少人?
[誤] How many peoples are there in the room? [正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人們”解時，是個集合名詞，其單複數同形。 3. 我想爲我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
7. There__________a bird in the tree. 8. There __________some trees near the house. 9. ________there a cup of tea on the table? 10. There_________some apple juice in the glass. 11. There_____a bed and two chairs in Betty's room. 12. There __________some milk in the bottle. 13. There __________some children in the park.
14. There __________an ice cream in the boy’s hand.
15. There__________a teacher and many students in our classroom.
16. There_______many birds and a lion in the forest. 17. There__________an orange on the table. 18. There__________many things over there
19. There__________an eraser in the pencil-case.
20. There__________a football match on television this evening
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可數名詞的數量時，常用“a / an或數詞 +表量的可數名詞 + of + 不可數名詞”這一結構， 其中當數詞大於1時，表量的可數名詞要用其複數形式。
[第二類] 動詞類
4. 你妹妹通常什麼時候去上學?
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school? [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 藉助助動詞do(或does)構成疑問句或否定句時，句中的謂語動詞用其原形。 5. 琳達晚上經常做作業，但今晚她在看電視。
[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英語學習階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時態：一般現在時和現在進行時。一般現在時表示經常的或習慣性的動作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等時間狀語連用。在一般現在時的句子中，若主語是第三人稱單數，謂語動詞要用其第三人稱單數形式。現在進行時表示現階段正在進行或發生的動作，現在進行時由be(am / is / are) + ving形式構成。 6 這雙鞋是紅色的。 [誤] This pair of shoes are red. [正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計量)修飾時，謂語動詞的形式由pair的單複數形式來決定。
[第三類] 代詞類
7. 這張票是她的，不是我的。 [誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之後一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之後不需接任何詞。
8. 吳老師教我們英語。 [誤] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語，因此當sb.爲人稱代詞時要用其賓格形式。
[第四類] 介詞類
9. 你能找到這個問題的答案嗎?
[誤] Can you find the answer of this question? [正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英語中用“the answer to „”表示“„„的答案”。類似結構還有the key to the door，the way to the zoo
10. 格林先生星期六上午來這裏。
[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening. [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等時，介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時，介詞要用on.
11. 那個穿着紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。 [誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時，只能用in，其他介詞沒有此用法。
[第五類] 副詞類
12. 莉莉，你爲什麼不回家呢? [誤] Lily，why don’t you go to home? [正] Lily，why don’t you go home?
[析] come，go 等後接here，there，home等地點副詞時，地點副詞前不加to。
[第六類] 連詞類
13. 我喜歡語文和英語，但我不喜歡體育和歷史。
[誤] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like history. [正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like history.
[析] 在肯定句中並列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中，並列成分之間的連接需用or。
[第七類] 冠詞類
14. 乘飛機去北京花了史密斯一家人一個小時。 [誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane. [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1.表示“„„一家人”用結構“the + 姓氏複數”;
一詞的第一個字母不發音，它是以元音音素開頭的，所以“一小時”要用 an hour; 3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時，交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。
[第八類] 句法類
15. ――你不是學生嗎? ――不，我是學生。 [誤] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes， I am.
[析] 對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No，這取決於實際情況：如果事實是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”;如果事實是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
中考真題練習
1. — What about Mr. Black's speech?
—Wonderful! There were ____________ people there.
A. a large number of B. much C. a great deal of D. lots 2. My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him_______.
A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on C. after almost a year
D. since almost a year ago
3. — What would you like for _______ breakfast, Mr. Scott? —Three pieces of bread with_______ cup of black tea, please.
A. a; a B.不填; the C. a; the D.不填;a
4. — What are you looking for, Michelle?
—My cousin's MP3 player. It _______ right here, and now it's_______.
A. has been; gone B ; gone C. was; going D. is; going 5. — Can your brother make model airplane? —Yes, this week he ______ a new model.
A. builds B. is built Chad built D. is building
6. Mr. White is of great help; you ______ let him go.
A not better B. had better don' t C. had better not
D. had no better 7. My grandfather wants ______ around the world because he enjoys ______ new places. A. travelling; seeing B. to travel; to see C. to travel; seeing
D. travelling; to see 8. Mr. Watson won’t be here next week, and______.
A. neither his wife will B. neither his wife won' t C. his wife won' t neither
D. his wife won' t either
