高中英語：輕鬆記憶考綱3500詞構詞法+閱讀理解題4篇
導讀：教書育人楷模，更好地指導自己的學習，讓自己不斷成長。讓我們一起到本站一起學習吧!下面本站網的小編給你們帶來了《高中英語：輕鬆記憶考綱3500詞構詞法+閱讀理解題4篇》供考生們參考。
高中英語：輕鬆記憶考綱3500詞構詞法
學習構詞法的意義是什麼呢?沒錯，就是它可以使我們能夠輕鬆容易的認識更多單詞，以一種巧妙的方式擴大詞彙量。英語中的構詞法主要有三種，即轉化法、合成法和派生法。
轉化法、合成法和派生法
1
轉化法(conversion)
在英語中，一個單詞由一種詞性轉化爲另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉化法。
1. 動詞轉化爲名詞
Let me have a try. 讓我試試。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在學校裏只准許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。
2. 名詞轉化爲動詞
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推開人羣前進。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。
3. 形容詞轉化爲動詞
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他們努力改善工作條件。
4. 形容詞轉化爲名詞
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我們村的老年人過着幸福的生活。
5. 形容詞轉化爲副詞
How long have you lived there?
你在那兒住多久了?
6. 個別詞在一定場合中可轉化爲名詞
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山區去是必須的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意時也有失意時。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
2
合成法(composition)
由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞(compounds)。合成詞的寫法由習慣決定，可以寫在一起，也可以用連詞符號連接。
1. 合成名詞
名詞/代詞+名詞
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
動詞+名詞
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容詞+名詞
greenhouse highway
副詞+名詞
overcoat outside
名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
動詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動詞
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名詞+介詞+名詞
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容詞
名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副詞+形容詞
over-anxious evergreen
名詞+過去分詞
man-made sun-burnt
名詞+現在分詞
peace-loving English-speaking
形容詞+現在分詞
good-looking easy-going
副詞+過去分詞
well-informed widespread
副詞+現在分詞
hardworking far-reaching
形容詞+名詞+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
數詞+名詞+ed
three-legged ten-storied
數詞+名詞
one-way five–star
數詞+名詞+形容詞
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名詞+to+名詞
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成動詞
名詞+動詞
baby-sit sleepwalk
副詞+動詞
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容詞+動詞
whitewash
4. 合成副詞
形容詞+名詞
meanwhile anyway
形容詞+副詞
everywhere anyhow
副詞+副詞
however
介詞+名詞
beforehand overhead
介詞+副詞
forever
5. 合成代詞
代詞賓格+self/selves
herself themselves
物主代詞+self/selves
myself yourselves
形容詞+名詞
anything nothing
6. 合成介詞
副詞+名詞
inside outside
介詞+副詞
without within
副詞+介詞
into
3
派生法
由一個詞加上前綴或後綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。
1. 前綴
除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。
(1)表示否定意義的前綴
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意義的前綴
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“遠程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自動的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反對，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“雙，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“極小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多，過分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate
2. 後綴
(1)形容詞後綴
-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“與……有關的” physical, magical, political
-an“屬於某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“(沒)有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特徵的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……傾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……製成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有(性質)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性質的” friendly yearly daily
-y“構成形容詞” noisy dusty cloudy
(2)名詞後綴
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某國(人)的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某國、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某種主義或職業者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行爲或其狀態” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性質，狀態” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“動作，過程，結果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象;行爲、性質、狀態” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性質、情況” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(滿的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性質、狀態” possibility, disability, reliability
-al“過程、狀態” survival, arrival, approval
-y“性質、情況” modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“處於……狀態;性質” freedom, boredom
-age“狀態，行爲，身份及其結果” courage, storage, marriage
(3)動詞後綴
-fy / ify“使得;變得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成爲……;變得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成爲” apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副詞後綴
-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
(5)數詞後綴
-teen“十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位數” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序數詞” twelfth, twentieth
【2016年瀋陽市高中三年級教學質量監測(一)】閱讀理解。閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案填空。
C
In 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa over the last two years more than 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming, because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates,which could lead to extinction for these ecologically important creatures in their environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.
If you are reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(走私) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles and the worlds most trafficked mammal(哺乳動物)pangolins.
Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鱗), which makes them look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight different species of pangolins, four in Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction. Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demand in East Asia, where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts. The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild. It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.
In February, the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking, which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.
Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use social media and tell everyone that now is the time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.
1. How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.
B. Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.C. The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.
D. High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.
3. What can we know about the plan released by the US?
A. Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.
B. Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.
C. The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.
D. More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.
4. What is the authors intention of writing the passage? A. To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.
B. To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.
C. To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.
D. To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.
參考答案14、CDCB
(二)
【2016模擬衝刺試題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項。
Several weeks ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mailbox. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasnt sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are finished at 4 a.m., you cant simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated(複雜的) black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite(怨恨): I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past. I honestly hadnt realized I was supposed to. This was the first time hed used the card tactic(策略). So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收保護費組織).
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadnt enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. I know you dont care how merry my Christmas is, and thats fine, the gesture said. I want $30, or Ill forget to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day. I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadnt yet been picked up: Someone stole Mickeys tip! Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check. But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.
The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. Are you Mickey? The man looked at him with scorn(輕蔑). Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. Not only had Ed insulted(侮辱) this man by suggesting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole incident. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. Anyone else?
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing break of etiquette (禮節) could have been avoided. Under trash/recycling collectors in the institutes Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: $10 to $30 each. You may or may not wish to know that your hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
55. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because_____________________.
A. he wanted the couple to pay for the newspaper
B. he forgot to write a few words on it
C. he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D. he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
56. From the passage, we learn that the author_________.
A. didnt like Raouls way of delivering the paper
B. didnt realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way before
C. didnt know that Raoul delivered the paper for them
D. didnt feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came
57. According to the passage, the author felt ______to give Raoul a holiday tip.
A. excited B. happy C. embarrassed D. forced
58. Which of the following is true about Mickey, the garbage collector?
A. He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.
B. He failed to collect the money from the bank.
C. He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.
D. He collected both the check and the garbage that day.
59. Eds encounter(遭遇) with the recycling team shows that________________________________.
A. Ed was desperate to correct his mistake
B. Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul
C. Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver
D. Ed no longer wanted to give them money
60. From the passage we can infer that __________________________________________.
A. their garbage bin might not be emptied one day if the writer didnt give tips
B. the writer could have avoided giving tips if they had consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute
C. the writers husband didnt know Raoul at all
D. the writers family was too poor to give the tips
參考答案
55. C 根據第二段中的I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past和This was the first time hed used the card tactic可知Raoul是想要聖誕節小費。D中的was afraid of文章中未提到。
56. B 根據第二段中的With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness可知作者以前並不知道Raoul這樣扔報紙和發出噪音的原因。
57. D 根據第二段中的I honestly hadnt realized I was supposed to可知作者是被迫付費的。
58. B 根據第四段中的The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.可知他沒拿到錢。
59. A 根據倒數第二段Ed拿着錢包去問司機可知他拼命想改正原先未付小費的錯誤。
60. A 根據Ill forget to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day.可以推斷出正確答案。
(三)
【2016仿真模擬衝刺卷】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項。
Sixteen years ago I learned this lesson in the back of a New York City taxi s what happened.I hopped in a taxi, and we took off for Grand Central were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded, and missed the other cars back end by just inches!
The driver of the other car, who almost caused a big accident, started yelling bad words at taxi driver just smiled and waved at the I mean he was , I said, Why did you just do that?This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital! And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call The Law of the Garbage Truck.
Many people are like garbage (rubbish) run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump if you let them, theyll dump it on someone wants to dump on you, dont take it just smile, wave, wish them well, and move l be happy with what you did.
I started thinking, how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me?And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets?It was that day
I said, Im not going to do anymore.
Successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their about you?If you let more garbage trucks pass you by, youll be s too short to wake up in the morning with , Love the people who treat you et about the ones who dont.
happened one day when the author was taking a taxi?
taxi almost hit another car.
taxi driver was injured.
author scolded the driver of the other car.
author learned a lesson from the driver of the garbage truck.
did the taxi driver respond to the behavior of the driver of the black car?
yelled back at the driver.
sent the driver to the hospital.
was friendly towards the driver.
dumped some garbage in front of his car.
does the taxi driver think of people according to Paragraph 3?
people like to drive garbage trucks.
people dump garbage wherever they like.
people are warm-hearted to make others happy.
people tend to be very much depressed.
can we infer from Paragraph 4?
author used to have a lot of garbage trucks.
author used to complain a lot.
author used to have a lot of money.
author used to be a good manager.
rding to the passage, what should you do if people dump garbage on you?
re them and go on with our own work.
our best to persuade them not to do that again.
them to dump the garbage in the right place.
over their work and carry the garbage to somewhere else.
【參考答案】41---45ACDBA
(四)
【2016高考訓練題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項。
Using tablet computers like Apples iPad and Samsungs Galaxy Note just before bed can lead to a poor nights sleep, according to research.
More and more people are taking their tablets to bed with them to surf the web, check Facebook or email before switching off the light. But researchers are warning that the blueish light their screens emit can stop users getting a good nights sleep. That is because this type of light mimics daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime. Blue light suppresses production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall sleep. This is because our brains have evolved to be wakeful during daylight hours. By contrast, light which is more orange or red in tone does not reduce melatonin production, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day is ending.
Neurologists (神經病學家) have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can disrupt sleep. Researchers at the Lighting Research Centre, at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, are warning that looking at tablet displays for more than two hours leads to a suppression of our natural melatonin levels as the devices emit optical radiation (光輻射) at short wavelengths - in other words, they emit bluer light.
They say: Although turning off devices at night is the ultimate solution, it is recommended that if these devices are used at night displays are dimmed as much as possible and that the time spent on them before bed should be limited.
They drew their conclusions after measuring melatonin levels in 13 volunteers, after they had spent time viewing iPads at full brightness at a distance of 10 inches, for two hours. Melatonin levels were significantly lower after they had done this, than they were after the volunteers had viewed their iPads for the same time, but while wearing orange glass goggles, which cut out the blue light.
They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that tablet makers could tune the spectral power distribution of self-luminous devices (自發光設備的頻譜功率分佈) so that they disrupted the sleep patterns of users less.
It is not just a good nights sleep that could be jeopardized (危害) by too much late night screen time. Researchers know that persistent disruption to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk of obesity, and even breast cancer. However, these studies tend to be comparisons of those with chronic (慢性的) sleep disruption, such as long term shift workers, with those who have normal sleep patterns.
12. What is it that stops users getting a good nights sleep?
A. Screens B. blueish light C. Melatonin D. Orange or red light
13. Based on their findings, researchers have made the following suggestions except that ________.
A. Devices like iPads should be turned off at night.
B. Tablet makers should make improvements in devices.
C. Users should view iPads at full brightness instead of wearing orange glass goggles.
D. The time spent on screen before bed should be controlled.
14. We can infer from the passage that _________.
A. Orange and red light does no good to a good nights sleep.
B. Our brains recognize orange or red light in tone as a cue that the day is ending.
C. The less melatonin our body produces, the easier we fall asleep.
D. Too much late night screen time leads to more than sleep problem.
15. The writers purpose for writing this article is to ________.
A. inform readers of a recent research.
B. complain about problems caused by using iPads before bed.
C. offer some suggestions on late night screen viewing.
D. advocate late night screen viewing.
參考答案12-15 BCDA
