游泳時防曬霜或成毒藥

Don't go swimming while wearing sunscreen - unless you want cancer.

除非你想得癌症，不然千萬別塗着防曬霜去游泳！

A compound used in the protective lotions turns toxic when it reacts with chlorine and ultraviolet rays, researchers found.

研究人員發現，一種存在於防曬霜中的化合物在與氯和紫外線發生反應時，會變成有毒物質。

Avobenzone is considered the most popular sun-blocker in the world due to its ability to absorb sunlight at different wave lengths - preventing skin damage.

阿伏苯宗是世界上最流行的防曬物質，它能吸收不同波長的陽光以防止皮膚受損。

But Russian scientists suggest the UV-filtering compound forms cancer-causing toxins when exposed to a mixture of sun and chlorinated water.

但是俄羅斯科學家指出，這種能夠濾除紫外線的化合物與陽光和含氯的水共同作用，會形成致癌毒素。

Aldehydes, phenols and chlorinated acetyl benzenes were created in experiments simulating swimmers wearing sunscreen.

他們在模擬塗抹防曬霜游泳的實驗中，發現反應生成了醛、苯酚和氯化乙酰苯。

The latter two are considered extremely toxic and are strongly linked to deadly tumours and infertility, Lomonosov Moscow State University experts say.

莫斯科國立大學的專家說，後兩種物質有劇毒，會導致致命腫瘤和不孕症。

While a study earlier this year hinted that aldehydes can raise the risk of cancer as they interfere with the body's natural repair mechanism.

並且今年早些時候的一項研究表明，醛類物質會增加患癌症的風險，因爲它們會干擾人體的自然修復機制。

Lead author Dr Albert Lebedev said: 'On the basis of the experiments one could make a conclusion that a generally safe compound transforms in the water and forms more dangerous products.

該研究的主要作者阿爾伯特?列別捷夫博士說：“基於實驗我們可以得出以下結論：一般狀態下安全的化合物會在水中產生變化，生成更具危險性的物質。”

'In spite of the fact that there are no precise toxicological profiles for the most established products, it's known that acetyl benzenes and phenols, especially chlorinated ones, are quite toxic.

“儘管還沒有對現有防曬產品建立確切的毒理學檔案，但我們已經知道乙酰苯和苯酚，尤其是在氯化之後，毒性相當大。”

'Studying the products of transformation of any popular cosmetics is very important as very often they turn out to be much more toxic and dangerous than their predecessors.

“研究任何流行化妝品的轉化產物都是很重要的，因爲這些產物的毒性和危險性往往都超過原來的物質。”

'In principle, basing on such researches, one could obtain results, which could restrict or even put under a ban the usage of one or another product and preserve the health of millions of people.'

“原則上來說，我們上述的研究，可能會導致人們限制甚至禁用某種或者某些產品，來保護數百萬人的健康。”

The researchers used a scanning technique called chromatomass spectrometry to make their findings, published in Chemosphere.

發表於《臭氧層》雜誌上的報告稱，研究人員使用了一種名爲色譜-質譜測定法的掃描技術進行實驗。

This technique, on laboratory cells, allows precise analysis of the most complex mixtures of chemical compounds.

應用這種技術，研究人員可以利用實驗室細胞精確分析最複雜的化學混合物。

For the study, they simulated the real situation when a sunscreen, applied on the skin of a swimmer, comes into contact with pool water.

在這項研究中，他們模擬了游泳者在塗上了防曬霜後，與泳池水接觸的真實情況。

The breakdown of avobenzone may take place right on the wet human skin, on which a sunscreen is spread.

阿伏苯宗可能就直接在塗了防曬霜的那塊兒浸溼的皮膚上發生分解。

Sunscreen containing avobenzone are known to be applied by millions of people all over the world.

世界上數百萬人口都在使用含阿伏苯宗的防曬霜。

Chemical UV filters like avobenzone absorb ultraviolet light due to the peculiarities of their structures. The substance in itself is safe.

諸如阿伏苯宗的一些化學防曬物質，以其結構特性吸收紫外線，它們本身是安全的。

As well as being common in sunscreen, they are also used in some personal care products, such as makeup, moisturisers and lip balms.

除了在防曬霜中很常見，它們還用於一些個人護理產品中，如化妝品、潤膚乳和脣膏。

The researchers are now studying how avobenzone breaks down under conditions of chlorination and bromination of fresh and sea water.

研究人員目前正在研究阿伏苯宗是如何在淡水和海水的氯化和溴化條件下進行分解的。

During chlorination or bromination of sea water the number of the breakdown products of avobenzone will be even wider.

在海水的氯化或溴化過程中，阿伏苯宗分解產物的數量將會更大。

And if water contains copper salts - which are added into many swimming pools for getting nice light-blue colour - then bromoform is formed in large quantities.

許多游泳池爲了將水變成漂亮的淺藍色都添加了銅鹽，如果水中含有這種鹽，便會反應生成數量巨大的溴仿（三溴甲烷）。

This substance could provoke dysfunctions of liver and kidneys - along with nervous system disorder, the experts implied.

專家認爲，這種物質或能引發肝臟和腎臟功能的失調，同時伴隨着神經系統的紊亂。