特朗普以公謀私的潛在風險
On November 3, the US agency charged with safeguarding workers’ rights ruled that the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas had violated federal law by refusing to hold contract talks with a union representing housekeepers and other staff.
11月3日，美國負責維護勞動者權利的機構裁定，位於拉斯維加斯的特朗普國際酒店(Trump International Hotel)拒絕與代表保潔員及其他員工的工會舉行合同談判的行爲，違反了聯邦法律。
Five days later, the lodging’s co-owner — Donald Trump — was elected president of the US, putting him in a position to appoint a Republican majority at the regulator, the National Labor Relations Board, that could overturn the decision.
5天后，該酒店的共同所有人——唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)——當選美國總統，使他可以任命一個共和黨人佔多數的國家勞資關係委員會(National Labor Relations Board)，該委員會可能會推翻之前的裁定。
The possibility points to one of the central ethical dilemmas facing a Trump administration.
這種可能性直指特朗普政府面臨的核心倫理困境之一。
There has never been a president-elect with more potential conflicts between his financial interests and his official duties.
從沒有哪位當選總統面對的個人經濟利益與公職責任之間的潛在衝突，比特朗普更多。
But with his inauguration set for January 20, Mr Trump has yet to present a formal proposal to insulate himself from criticism that he is putting aside the general welfare in favour of his own.
但是就職典禮即將於1月20日舉行，特朗普卻尚未提出正式方案來反駁指責他將個人利益置於大衆福祉之上的批評。
During the campaign, Mr Trump suggested he might transfer his holdings into a blind trust — in the manner of many of his predecessors — managed by his oldest children, Donald Jr, Ivanka and Eric.
在競選期間，特朗普曾暗示他可能會效仿之前許多位當選總統，把資產轉入保密信託，由他三個最年長的孩子小唐納德(Donald Jr)、伊萬卡(Ivanka)和埃裏克(Eric)管理。
But critics say the trust would be neither blind, because its assets are so well-known, nor independent.
但是批評人士稱，該信託將是既不保密（因爲其資產是衆所周知的）又不獨立的。
They note the three Trump scions have already been named as members of their father’s transition team.
他們指出，特朗普家的這三個孩子已經被任命爲父親過渡小組的成員了。
Just turning management over to the kids doesn’t solve the problem — he would still retain ownership, said Richard Painter, a former White House ethics lawyer in the administration of George W Bush.
只是把管理權交給孩子並不能解決問題——他仍然會保留所有權，曾在小布什(George W Bush)政府擔任白宮倫理律師的理查德.佩因特(Richard Painter)稱，
He hasn’t given us any plan that will remove those conflicts of interest.
他還沒有給出任何可以消除這些利益衝突的計劃。
Norman Eisen, a former legal ethics adviser for President Barack Obama, said the best thing for Mr Trump would be to liquidate his business holdings and invest the proceeds in a real blind trust run by an independent trustee.
曾任總統巴拉克.奧巴馬(Barack Obama)法律倫理顧問的諾曼.艾森(Norman Eisen)稱，特朗普最好能出售其商業資產並把所得收入投入由獨立受託人管理的真正的保密信託中。
But he adds that Mr Trump has no legal obligation to do so, nor any seeming inclination, either.
但是他補充稱，特朗普沒有這麼做的法律義務，也沒有表現出任何類似意向。
We have never confronted a situation like this one before and it poses some very serious challenges and risks, Mr Eisen says.
我們之前從沒有遇到過類似局面，這帶來了一些非常嚴峻的挑戰和風險，艾森稱，
As the shock of the result wears off, the president-elect and his team — and all of us — need to address those risks.
隨着人們對選舉結果的震驚慢慢平息，當選總統及其團隊——以及我們所有人——都需要應對這些風險。
Mr Painter said he sees two big potential conflicts for Mr Trump.
佩因特認爲特朗普面臨兩大潛在利益衝突。
The first involves his hundreds of millions of dollars in debt and the perception that his borrowings could influence regulation in his administration.
第一個涉及他數億美元的債務以及人們對他的借貸可能影響其政府制定相關規定的看法。
Complicating matters further is the fact that one of Mr Trump’s biggest current lenders is Deutsche Bank,
使問題更爲複雜的是，特朗普目前最大的債權人之一是德意志銀行(Deutsche Bank)。
which is now in talks with the US Department of Justice involving its handling of mortgage-backed securities.
該銀行目前正在就其對抵押貸款證券的處理與美國司法部(US Department of Justice)進行談判。
Another pitfall involves a section of the US constitution known as the emoluments clause.
另外一個隱患涉及被稱爲薪酬條款的一條美國憲法條款。
It essentially forbids a president from receiving anything of value from any king, prince or foreign state without congressional approval — no small issue for a business executive with holdings from Ireland and Scotland to Panama and the Philippines that could benefit materially from policies in those places.
該條款從本質上禁止美國總統在未得到國會批准的情況下接受來自任何國王、王子或者外國的任何有價值的東西——對於一個在從愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭、到巴拿馬和菲律賓等國都擁有資產、可能極大地受益於這些地區政策的商人來說，此事非同小可。
Other potential difficulties can be found closer to home.
其他潛在的困難可能出現在不那麼遙遠的地方。
The Trump Organization, for example, now operates a hotel in the government-owned Old Post Office Building in Washington.
例如，特朗普集團(Trump Organization)如今在華盛頓由政府所有的老郵局大樓(Old Post Office Building)裏經營着一家酒店。
As president, Mr Trump would appoint the head of the federal General Services Administration, which manages the property in the nation’s capital.
作爲總統，特朗普將任命聯邦總務署(General Services Administration)的負責人，該機構管理那座位於美國首府的大樓。
His reputation as a man of the people could be put at risk by his oversight of the National Labor Relations Board.
他對國家勞資關係委員會的監督可能會將他屬於人民的名聲置於危險之中。
Because of squabbles in recent years between Mr Obama and the Republican-controlled Senate, only three of the five seats on the board have been filled, two by Democrats and one by a Republican.
由於最近幾年奧巴馬和由共和黨控制的參議院之間的爭吵，該委員會的5個委員席位只填補了3個，其中兩位委員是民主黨人，還有一位是共和黨人。
Catherine Fisk, a law professor at the University of California, Irvine, said she expects Mr Trump will be able to quickly win Senate approval for two new members of the NLRB, giving Republicans control of the agency.
加州大學歐文分校(University of California,Irvine)的法學教授凱瑟琳.菲斯克(Catherine Fisk)稱，她認爲特朗普可以很快得到參議院的批准，任命兩位新的國家勞資關係委員會委員，使得共和黨人控制該委員會。
Although the NLRB is unlikely to revisit findings of fact, she said clever lawyers might be able to come up with a potential challenge to the board’s ruling requiring the Trump International Hotel to negotiate with the Culinary Workers Union in Las Vegas.
儘管國家勞資關係委員會不太可能重新審覈認定的事實，但是她稱聰明的律師可能會想出可能挑戰該委員會這一裁定（要求特朗普國際酒店與拉斯維加斯餐飲業工會(Culinary Workers Union)舉行談判）的辦法。
Meanwhile, the Trump Organisation — which did not respond to requests for comment — has appealed against the ruling to the US Court of Appeals in Washington.
與此同時，特朗普集團已就該判決上訴至位於華盛頓的美國上訴法院(US Court of Appeals)。該集團未迴應置評請求。
Everyone expects that many of the decisions of the past eight years will be reversed, Ms Fisk said.
所有人都預計過去八年的很多決定將被推翻，菲斯克稱。
It certainly raises the risk that the president is going to govern not in the interest of the electorate, but in his own interest.
這當然會加大這一風險——這位總統在治理國家時不會以選民的利益爲重、而是會以個人利益爲先。
