英國機構調查 北京房租負擔排名全球第一

Beijing has the world’s least affordable rental housing, according to a survey of 15 global cities, with average prices more than 1.2 times average salaries.

根據英國非營利性組織“全球城市商業聯盟”(Global Cities Business Alliance)對全球15個城市的調查，北京房租負擔排名全球首位，其平均房租是平均工資的1.2倍以上。

The report by the Global Cities Business Alliance, a UK-based not-for-profit organisation, raises fears over inclusive growth in a city that — according to one Chinese survey — this year surpassed New York to become the world’s billionaire capital.

這份報告對北京的包容性增長提出了擔憂。而據中國一項調查顯示，北京今年已超過紐約，成爲全球億萬富豪之都。

Soaring house prices, which rose 18 per cent in the year to March, and restrictions on non-residents buying houses until they have paid tax in Beijing for five years, make renting the only option for many of the city’s young adults and migrant workers.

截至3月份，北京房價今年已上漲18%。房價的飆升，加上外地戶口必須在北京連續納稅5年才能購房，使租房成了北京許多年輕人和外來務工人員的唯一選擇。

“From an urban planning perspective, Beijing could be the most inefficient city in China,” said Liang Hong, chief economist of China International Capital Corporation. “The problem is on the land supply side. Central government organisations, such as the military and state-owned enterprises, take up a large portion of land in prime locations.”

中金公司(CICC)首席經濟學家樑紅表示：“從城市規劃角度來看，北京可能是中國最沒有效率的城市。問題出在土地供應方面。黃金地段的很大一部分土地都被中央政府機構，比如部隊和國有企業給佔用了。”

Beijing rent is nearly twice as expensive as its closest challenger, Abu Dhabi, according to the survey.

根據該調查，北京房租之高几乎是排名第二的阿布扎比的兩倍。

High rents and urban inequality lead to longer commutes for service-sector workers who deliver location-specific services. The study found that hospital nurses, primary schoolteachers and bus drivers all faced rents of between 1.1 and 1.5 times their incomes.

高房租和城市發展的不均衡，延長了那些在固定場所上班的服務業員工的通勤時間。該調查發現，醫院護士、小學教師和公交司機的房租是他們收入的1.1倍到1.5倍。

Beijing scored the second-longest commute, at an average of 104 minutes per round-trip, behind Mexico City at 113 minutes.

北京的通勤時長也排到全球第二，平均往返時間爲104分鐘，第一名爲墨西哥城，其平均往返時間爲113分鐘。

“The wealthiest workers will always be able to afford to live in the biggest cities, but the danger is that talented workers starting their careers in many sectors will find themselves priced out,” said Lesley Saville, GCBA chief executive.

全球城市商業聯盟首席執行官萊斯利•薩維爾(Lesley Saville)表示：“最富有的員工總是住得起大城市，但危險的是在許多行業，剛參加工作的優秀員工發現他們負擔不起房租。”

Rural-urban migration has put pressure on the rental market, especially as Beijing's neighbouring northern provinces lose their traditional industries of coal and steel. The city’s metropolitan area has doubled in population in the past 20 years.

農村人口進城，尤其是北京北方相鄰省份失去了煤炭和鋼鐵等傳統產業，給北京租房市場帶來了壓力。過去二十年北京都市區人口增加了一倍。

Statistics released on Wednesday from the 2015 population survey showed that migration within China had increased 12 per cent from the 2010 national census.

週三公佈的2015年人口調查統計數據顯示，中國的流動人口比2010年人口普查時增加了12%。

High rental prices damage the economy by locking up consumer spending power, the report argues, finding that a further 10 per cent rise in rental prices would suck up about $3.5bn of consumption.

該報告認爲高房租鎖定了消費能力，對經濟造成損害，並表示房租再上漲10%，消費就會減少35億美元。