金融雙語閱讀：沙特出臺提高汽油價格等緊縮措施
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Saudi Arabia has unveiled spending cuts in its 2016 budget, subsidy reforms and privatisations to rein in a yawning deficit caused by the prolonged period of low oil prices. 沙特阿拉伯宣佈將在2016年預算案中削減支出，對改革和私有化進行補貼，以遏制長期低油價導致的日漸增大的赤字。
The Gulf kingdom has kept oil production at high levels in an attempt to force out higher-cost producers, such as shale groups, and retain its market share. But this year’s deficit ballooned to Sr367bn ($97.9bn) — 15 per cent of gross domestic product — as oil revenues fell 23 per cent to Sr444.5bn. 這個海灣國家一直維持較高水平的石油產量，試圖排擠頁岩油集團等成本更高的生產商，以維護自身的市場份額。但今年該國來自石油的財政收入下降23%至4445億沙特里亞爾，其赤字激增至3670億沙特里亞爾(合979億美元)，相當於國內生產總值(GDP)的15%。
Seeking to ward off future fiscal crises, the ministry of finance yesterday confirmed wide-ranging reforms, including plans to “privatise a range of sectors and economic activities”. 爲了防範未來可能出現的財政危機，沙特財政部昨日確認了廣泛改革，包括“私有化一系列行業和經濟活動”的計劃。
Riyadh would revise energy, water and electricity prices “gradually over the next five years” to optimise efficiency while minimising “negative effects on low and mid-income citizens and the competitiveness of the business sector”, it added. 沙特財政部補充稱，政府將“在今後5年逐漸”修改能源、水和電力價格，以優化效率，並將最大限度減少這些改革“對中低收入公民和商業部門競爭力的負面影響”。
The first reforms will be effective from today, including a rise in petrol prices. There will also be an increase in electricity tariffs for the wealthiest consumers, a modest increase in water costs for all and changes to energy prices for industrial users. 第一批改革將從今日起生效，包括提高汽油價格。此外，該國還將對最富裕的消費者提高電價，對所有用戶小幅提高水價，並調整工業用戶的能源價格。
The success or failure of the reforms will help define the legacy of King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud and his influential son, deputy crown prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is overseeing the programme. 這些改革的成敗將在一定程度上定義沙特國王薩勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲·阿勒沙特(Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud)和他的兒子、具有影響力的沙特副王儲穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼·阿勒沙特(Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud)的政治遺產，後者負責領導改革方案。
The kingdom’s austerity and reform programme, a reaction to the past decade of profligate spending, has raised alarm within the business community, already reeling from cuts that triggered delays in government payments. 沙特的緊縮和改革方案是對過去10年揮霍支出的反應，該方案在商界拉響了警報。引發政府延遲支付的支出削減已經讓商界感到震驚。
Radical reforms to the social contract between citizens and the al-Saud family also threaten discord at a time when Islamist extremist groups are a danger. 在伊斯蘭極端主義集團構成威脅之時，對沙特公民和沙特王室之間的社會契約進行大幅度改革還可能引發紛爭。
Real gross domestic product this year is expected to rise 3.35 per cent, with the private sector growing at 3.74 per cent. 今年沙特的實際GDP預計將增長3.35%，私營部門將增長3.74%。
“We see real GDP growth decelerating sharply in 2016, albeit remaining positive,” said Monica Malik, chief economist with Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. “Non-oil GDP is forecast to moderate, with the lower government spending feeding into the wider economy.” “我們預計實際GDP增長將在2016年大幅減速，儘管依然會是正數，”阿布扎比商業銀行(Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank)首席經濟學家莫妮卡·馬利克(Monica Malik)表示，“隨着注入整體經濟的政府支出減少，預計非石油GDP將放緩。”
The government’s austerity measures have been accompanied by spending on the Saudi-led war in Yemen and Sr88bn in bonus payments for civil servants when King Salman ascended the throne in January. 在推出緊縮措施的同時，政府爲該國領頭在也門發起的戰爭安排了支出，並在1月國王薩勒曼繼位時向公務員支付了880億沙特里亞爾的獎金。
